Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 08.djvu/19

RESTIGOUCHE 3 RESURRECTION stiff clay land in some parts, and de- action set in, and later sentiment was in rives its name from its long and strong favor of merely keeping in repair all matted roots arresting the progress of ancient structures, the harrow. The stems are annual, often -D-dom/vo a m™-vr m-m* • ^ •• u *.• woody or shrubby, and hairy; the flow- , RESTORATION, THE in English his- ers, mostly solitary, large, and hand- ^ « '* erni applied to the accessi on of some, are of a brilliant rose color. Rest King Charles II., m 1660, after the civil harrow is also called cammock. ™ r > to the thr °?? of En S la nd, after an interregnum of 11 years and 4 months, RESTIGOUCHE, a river of Canada, from Jan. 30, 1649 (when Charles I. It rises in eastern Quebec, flows S. E. was beheaded), to May 29, 1660. In into New Brunswick, then E. and N. E. French history, the first restoration be- into the Bay of Chaleurs, forming part gins May 3, 1814, when Louis XVIII. of the boundary between the two prov- made his entry into Paris under the pro- inces. Its length is about 200 miles. tection of foreign bayonets, and ended RESTORATION, a term used in art ™ th ^ h | ft re ^ of a£ ap ° le ° n * rom FJ> a ' to indicate the reAewal or repairing of Marc * 2 1B1 3' ? he he & n J} m S °* th f paintings, sculptures, buildings, etc., second restoration is generally reckoned which have been defaced or partially *™™ the , battle of Waterloo, June 18, ruined. It includes the retouching of 18 .^ and terminated on July 29, 1830, faded and injured pictures, and the Wlth the abdication of Charles X. replacing of lost limbs or features of RESURRECTION, an expression de- antique statues. But in reference to noting the revival of the human body in architecture its meaning is broader; it a future state after it has been con- indicates, first, a representation, by pic- signed to the grave. Traces of this doc- ture or model, of a ruined structure re- trine are found in other religions, in stored to its original state; secondly, the Zoroastrianism, and especially in later rebuilding of dilapidated or fallen por- Judaism, but the doctrine is peculiarly tions of an edifice; and thirdly, taking Christian. In the earlier Hebrew Scrip- down so-called "debased" work in a com- tures there is no mention of it. It is posite building, and replacing it by ar- not to be found in the Pentateuch, in tho chitectural features in harmony with the Psalms, nor even in the earlier proph- general style of the ancient edifice. The ecies. It is supposed to be alluded to in first attempts to reproduce Gothic work Isaiah (xxvi: 19), and in Ezekiel followed on the decay of the Renaissance (xxxvii) in the well-known chapter as style of architecture, and constituted the to the revival of dry bones in the valley germ of the modern restoration move- of vision; and in the last chapter of ment, or Gothic revival, as it is gener- Daniel (xii: 2) there is the distinct ally called. This movement began to affirmation that "many that sleep in the work actively about the beginning of the dust of the earth shall awake, some to 19th century, and was largely acceler- everlasting life, and some to shame and ated by a revival of activity in the Es- everlasting contempt." There is also a tablished Church of England. An well-known passage in Job (xix: 25-27) impulse was given to the restoration which was long thought to refer to the movement by a society called the Cam- doctrine of the resurrection of the body; den Society, and afterward the Ecclesi- but modern criticism denies the validity ological Society, which was composed of of this reference. It is therefore not till churchmen and clergy, and started at the later Judaism that the doctrine ap- Cambridge in the year 1840. pears, and it is sometimes said, doubt- The movement produced specialists, of fully, to have been derived from Persia whom Sir Gilbert Scott was the most or elsewhere. In the time of our Lord noted. In his hands was placed nearly it had become a formal doctrine of the every cathedral church in England, as Pharisees. The general body of the Jew- well as a countless number of parish ish people seem also to have believed in churches. As examples of "restoration" it; the Sadducees alone disputed it. It works we may give the N. transept of appears, in fact, to have become bound Westminster Abbey and the W. side of up in the Jewish mind with the idea of Westminster Hall, nearly the whole of a future life, so that an argument which St. Alban's Abbey, the W. front of Salis- proved the one proved the other. It bury Cathedral (where an attempt has should be added that Mohammedanism even been made to produce mediaeval cherishes gross beliefs on this head, sculpture), Chester Cathedral, Worces- It remained for Christ and His apos- ter Cathedral; in fact, not a cathedral ties to reveal clearly the doctrine of the remains in England that does not bear resurrection of the body, and to connect marks of the movement. The "restora- it with the fact of Christ's own resur- tion" movement spread to Scotland, the rection as its special evidence and pledge. Continent, and even to India, but a re- The following may be stated as the main