Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/102

STEPHENS 76 STEPHENSON of the Young Ireland party. He was the opening of the Liverpool and Man- slightly wounded at the scuffle of Bal- Chester railway in 1830. In 1845 he lingarry (June 29, 1848), lived for three retired from all railway undertakings, months thereafter among the mountains after having been instrumental in estab- from Tipperary to Kerry, and then sailed from Cork to France disguised as a lady's servant. For some years he lived mainly at Paris, where he obtained an insight into the working of continental secret societies, and in 1853 journeyed over Ireland making himself acquainted with its conditions and preparing the soil for the Fenian conspiracy. As its "Head Center" he exercised an enormous and despotic influence. He visited the United States early in 1864 to attempt to over- throw the rival schemes formed there by patriots, and was arrested in Dublin on November 10, of the same year. Four- teen days later he made his escape from Richmond Bridewell and made his way to New York, where he was formally de- posed by the Fenians. He was allowed to return to Ireland in 1891. He died in Dublin March 29, 1901. STEPHENS, WILLIAM DENNISON, an American public official, born at Eaton, 0., in 1859. He was educated in the public schools of his native city and then taught school and read law. From 1880 to 1887 he did engineering work in connection with railway con- struction in Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, and Louisiana. In 1887 he removed to Los Angeles, Cal., where he engaged in busi- ness. From 1906 to 1907 he was a mem- ber of the Los Angeles Board of Educa- tion, in 1909 mayor of Los Angeles, and in 1910 president of the board of water commissioners. He was elected to Con- gress in 1911, serving until 1916, when he resigned upon being appointed lieu- tenant-governor of California by Gover- nor Johnson. Upon the latter's resigna- tion in 1917, he became governor and was elected for another term in 1919, in which year he was also admitted to the bar. From 1903 to 1917 he was a commis- sioned officer in the California National Guard. STEPHENSON, GEORGE, an English engineer; born in Wylam, England, June 9, 1781. At the age of 14 he joined his father in his work as fireman in a col- liery. In 1812 he, was appointed engineer to the colliery. Soon after this he built his first traveling engine to draw the wagons along the tramway. Improve- ment followed on improvement in rapid succession, in every department to which steam was applicable. In 1822 he opened the first railway, 8 miles long. The whole system of railway locomotion with his operations on the Liverpool line ; be- all its complications of stations, signals, came the permanent engineer of that tenders, and carriages, was completed by company; surveyed several new lines, GEORGE STEPHENSON lishing all the foreig:n and home lines. He died near Chesterfield, England, Aug. 12, 1848. STEPHENSON, ROBERT, a British civil engineer, only son of George Stephenson; born near Newcastle-upon- Tyne, Oct. 16, 1803; joined his father in ROBERT STEPHENSON