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STODDARD 95 STOICS STODDARD, CHARLES WARREN, an American author; born in Rochester, N. Y., Aug. 7, 1843; studied (without graduating) at the University of Cali- fornia; was for some time an actor; for seven years special traveling correspond- ent of the San Francisco "Chronicle," visiting nearly every quarter of the globe, including five years in the South Seas; from 1885 to 1887 Professor of English Literature at Notre Dame College, In- diana; and from 1889 at the Catholic University of America. Among his pub- lications are: "Gouth Sea Idylls" (1873) ; "Summer Cruising in the South Seas" (1874) ; "Mashallah" (1880) ; "The Lep- ers of Molokai" (1885) ; "Lazy Letters from Low Latitudes" (1894) ; "Over the Rocky Mountains to Alaska" (1899) ; "Hither and Yon"; "The Dream Lady"; etc. He died April 24, 1909. STODDARD, ELIZABETH DREW (BARSTOW), an American novelist and poet; born in Mattapoisett, Mass., May 6, 1823. She was the wife of Richard H. Stoddard, and the author of three dis- tinguished novels, "The Morgesons" (1862) ; "Two Men" (1865) ; "Temple House," illustrative of English character and scenery (1867) ; and "Lolly Dink's Doings," a story for young readers (1874) ; "Poems." She died Aug. 1, 1902. STODDARD, RICHARD HENRY, an American poet; born in Hingham, Mass., July 2, 1825; attended schools in New York, and then worked in an iron foun- RICHARD HENRY STODDARD dry for some years, meanwhile reading widely, especially in poetry. In 1849 he produced a small volume of poems only to suppress it afterward; but 1852 saw the birth of a sturdier collection. From 1853 to 1870 he served in the New York custom house, in 1870-1873 was clerk to General McClellan and for a year city librarian; he did also much reviewing and writing for the publishers. His poems include "Songs in Summer" (1857) ; "The King's Bell" (1862) ; "The Book of the East" (1867) ; "Lion's Cub" (1891; "Under the Evening Lamp," etc.; he wrote also "Life of Humboldt"; "Abraham Lincoln"; "Life of Washing- ton Irving." He died in New York, May 12, 1903. STODDARD, WILLIAM OSBORN, an American author; born in Homer, N. Y., Sept. 24, 1835; was graduated at the University of Rochester in 1857, and after serving for a short time in the Civil War was made secretary to President Lincoln, which office he held till 1864 when he became United States marshal of Arkansas. Subsequently he engaged in business and journalism in New York City, where he also held several public offices under the municipal government. He was the author of numerous stories, sketches and poems, including "Life of Abraham Lincoln"; "Chuck Purdy"; "The Sword-Makers' Son"; "Ulric the Jarl"; "The Boy Lincoln" (1905); "Two Cadets With Washington" (1906); "In the Open" (1908) ; "Dab Kinzer" (1909) ; "The Captain of the Cat's Paw" (1914), etc. STOESSEL, ANATOLY MIKHAILO- VITCH, a Russian soldier, born in St. Petersburg, in 1848. During the Russo- Japanese War, he was placed, in 1904, in command of the Russian garrison at Port Arthur, and in May of that year, he was defeated by General Oku at Nan-shan. After a siege lasting until Jan. 1, 1905, he surrendered Port Arthur to General Nogi. In 1906 he was tried by court- martial and condemned to death for sur- rendering the fortress. His sentence, however, was commuted to 10 years' im- prisonment in 1908, and a year later he was pardoned and allowed to resign from the service. He died in 1915. STOICS, the name applied to a body of philosophers who flourished first in Greece about the 4th century, but whose influence finally spread over the whole classical world. Their place in the his- tory of philosophy is immediately after Plato and Aristotle. They divided philos- ophy into three parts — logic, physics, and ethics. "Logic supplies the method for attaining to true knowledge; physics teach the nature and order of the uni- verse; and ethics draw thence the infer- ences for practical life." The only means we have of knowing about a thing is by the impression it makes on us: but we have many impres-