Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/162

STUART FAMILY 128 STUBBS of steward of the rojral household of Scotland. The name is often written Stewart and occasionally Steuart. The form of Stuart was first assumed when Queen Mary went to France, and was adopted by all her descendants. The founder of the house seems to have been a Norman baron named Alan, whose second son Walter entered the service ojf David I. of Scotland, and became dapifer or steward of the royal house- hold. Walter obtained large grants of land from David, and died in 1246. Alexander, the fourth steward, had two sons : James, who succeeded him in 1283, and John, known in history as the Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl, who was killed at Falkirk (July 22, 1298). James was chosen one of the regents on the death of Alexander III., and died in the service of Bruce in 1309. His son, Walter, the sixth steward, married Marjory, daugh- ter of King Robert I., a union which secured to his family the crown of Scot- land in the event of the extinction of the royal line. He died in 1326, and was succeeded by his son, Robert, the seventh steward, who, on the death of David II. without issue, succeeded to the crown as Robert II. in 1371. Succeeding monarchs of this house, with dates of their accession, were: Robert III. (1390) ; James I. (1424) ; James II. (1437); James III. (1460); James IV. (1488) ; James V. (1513) ; Mary Stuart (1542); James VI. of Scotland (1568); and of England, James I. (1603) ; Charles I. (1625); Charles II. (1649); and James II. of England (1685). Mary of Modena, second wife of James II. of England gave birth to James Ed- ward Francis, Prince of Wales, com- monly called the Old Pretender, or the Chevalier St. George. In 1715 an un- successful attempt was made by the Jacobites, or Stuart party, to set this prince on the throne of his ancestors by force of arms. He married a grand- daughter of John Sobieski, King of Po- land, by whom he had two sons, Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, and Henry Benedict Maria Clement, who be- came a cardinal in 1747. The last male representative of the branch of the Stuart line descended from Henrietta Maria, daughter of Charles I., was Fran- cis v., ex-Duke of Modena, who died childless Nov. 20, 1875. Many of the noble families of Scotland are descended from other branches of the Stuart line. STUART, GILBERT CHARLES, an American painter; bom in Narragansett, R. I., Dec. 3, 1755. In his boyhood he went to Edinburgh with a Scotch painter named Alexander, with whom he studied his art ; but his master dying, he worked his passage home, and began to paint portraits at Newport. In 1775 he made his way to London, where he led for two years a Bohemian life; but his tal- ent was recognized by his countiyman, Benjamin West, who took him into his family, and soon he became a fashionable portrait painter. In 1792, in the fullness of his power and fame, he returned to the United States, and painted portraits of Washington, Jefferson, Madison, John Adams, and many of the distinguished men of the period, and was at work on a portrait of John Quincy Adams (after- ward finished by Sully) , when he died in Boston July 27, 1828. STUART, JAMES EWELL BROWIT, an American military officer; born in Patrick co., Va., in 1833; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1854; rose to 1st lieutenant the next year; distinguished himself in the cam- paign against the Indians in 1857, and became captain in 1860. In 1861 he re- signed his commission in the United States Army and entered the Confederate service. He was in charge of the Con- federate cavalry at the first battle of Bull Run; and in the follov/ing Septem- ber made a daring attack on the Federal forces at Lewinville, for which he was made a brigadier-general. Soon after this he was promoted major-general and subsequently was engaged in skirmishes and commanded troops at Chancellors- ville and at Gettysburg. In 1864 he opposed Sheridan's cavalry, but was mortally wounded in a fight at Yellow Tavern. He died in Richmond, Va., May 11, 1864. STUART, RUTH McENERY, an American author; born in Avoyelles par- ish. La., in 1856. Her published writings include: "A Golden Wedding, and Other Tales"; "Carlotta's Intended, and Other Stories"; "The Story of Babette"; "Solo- mon Crow's Christmas Pockets"; "Pock- ets, and Other Tales"; "Sonny"; "Na- poleon Jackson" (1902) ; "Aunt Amity's Silver Wedding" (1908) ; "Sonny's Father" (1910) ; "The Haunted Photo- graph" (1911); "The Cocoon" (1915). She died in 1917. STUBBS, WILLIAM, an English his- torian; was born in Knaresborough, Eng- land, June 21, 1825; was educated at Ripon Grammar School, whence he pro- ceeded to Oxford University and latterly became a fellow of Trinity College. In 1848 he was ordained, and became vicar of Navestock, Essex, in 1850. In 1862 he was appointed librarian of Lambeth Palace, in 1866 Professor of Modern His- tory at Oxford, in 1869 curator of the