Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/170

SUBMARINES 136 SUBMARINES served in the Berlin Naval Academy. The same inventor experimented for the Russians during the Crimean War. In 1851. an American of the name of Phil- the surface or awash. The vessel was armed with a spar torpedo, but it achieved no gi*eat success. The other "David" carried out a successful attack BRITISH SUBMARINB lips demonstrated the possibility of re- maining beneath the water by spending a day with his wife and family at the bottom of Lake Michigan, and Delaney, another American inventor, experi- mented in 1859 with a boat similar to that of Robert Fulton's. During the American Civil War attempts to use sub- raarine boats were made by both Fed- erals and Confederates. Two boats, both known as "The David," were built by the latter. The first was a steam vessel driven by a screw propeller, the funnel protruding above the surface of the water, but the boat proper being below upon the Housatonic, which she sank, but she herself was swamped and sank with her crew. In 1876, G. W. Garrett, an Eng- lish clergyman invented a submarine which gave promisingly successful re- sults, but a larger model, built on similar lines, was lost off the Welsh coast. He entered into partnership, however, with a Swedish inventor named Nordenfeldt, and they built two submarines, and sold one to Turkey and the other to Greece. A third was built for Russia, but was wrecked and sunk while attempting to sail to Petrograd, All these boats were driven by vertical propellers, and were SUBMARINE FIRING TORPEDO