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SWITZERLAND 201 SWORD Swiss government had taken complete measures to protect her neutrality, and every foot of her frontier was protected by mines or by barbed wire. Switzerland has always been a haven for political refugees and in the first weeks of the war she was called upon to shelter thousands from all nationalities from the belligerent countries, and throughout the war her territory was thronged with those who had escaped from the countries at war. Her utmost efforts were directed toward alleviating the sufferings of those refugees who were in need. During the progress of the war the country was under great expense for the mobilization of her army. It was at the same time necessary to raise large amounts to assist the destitute and to exercise supervision over the agents of the belligerent countries who used the Swiss cities as headquarters for intrigue and propaganda. In addition to these difficulties the tourist trade on which Switzerland was largely dependent for her prosperity, was entirely cut off. The great hotels in the latter years of the war became the rest homes for the wounded of the different armies, but the income derived from this source was small compared with what it would have been in times of peace. The necessity of keeping the army mobilized and other extraordinary expenditures resulted in economic disturbances throughout the country. Special taxes were levied and in the middle of 1915 the war had al- ready cost Switzerland over $50,000,000. Early in 1917 rumors that Germany contemplated the invasion of Syitzerland resulted in an increase in the mobilized forces of the country. During the war Switzerland acted as a clearing house for the exchange of disabled prisoners. Thousands of these were sent from the various prison camps to be interned in Switzerland for various periods of time, after which they were in most cases re- patriated. By a plebiscite held on May 16, 1920, the Swiss people declared their adherence to the Leasne of Nations by a majority of almost 90.000 votes. Geneva Avas chosen to be the meeting place _ of the League, and the first resrular session was held in November and December, 1920. SWOPE, HERBERT BAYARD, an American journalist, bom at St. Louis, Mo., in 1882. He was educated in the United States and in Europe. After serving as a reporter on the St. Louis "Post-Dispatch," the Chicago "Tribune," the New York "Herald" and the New York "World," he was war corre- spondent for the New York "World" with the German armies from 1914 to 1916, and from then on one of the editors of this newspaper. In July, 1918, he was appointed associate member and assist- ant chairman of the United War Indus- tries Board. During the Paris peace conference he acted as chief correspond- ent for the "World" and associated pa- pers, and was appointed by the Paris peace conference, chairman of the Amer- ican Committee on Publicity. In 1917 he was awarded the Pulitzer prize for the most meritorious newspaper work by the College of Journalism, Columbia Uni- versity. He was a member of the Au- thors' League of America and of the Academy of Political Science and wrote "Inside the German Empire" (1916). SWORD, a weapon of offense consist- ing of a blade fitted into a hilt or handle, with a guard, the blade being formed to cut or to pierce, generally to do both. It 2 S 4 a 6 ; 1— Turkish 2 — Mycean 3 — Egyptian 4 — Bronze Age 5— Greek (Ancient) 6 — Roman 7 — Persian 8— 15th Century 9— 16th Century 10— Old Scotch 11 — Two handed Sword, 15th Century 12 — Rapier 13 — Rapier 14 — Scotch Claymore is the most highly honored of all weap- ons, a symbol of military dignity and au- thority; and it is the instrument with which the monarch confers knightly honors. Its forms and modifications, and