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SYDENHAM 204 SYENITE cary's business. In 1668 he published a second edition of his book on fevers, adding to it a chapter on plague, with a fine poem in Latin elegiacs addressed to him by Locke. A third and enlarged edi- tion, entitled "Medical Observations," ap- peared in 1676. In 1680 he published two "Letters in Response," the one "On Epidemics," and the other on the "Lues Venera." His "Epistolary Dissertation" on confluent smallpox and hysteria (1682) was followed next year by his yet more famous "Treatise on Podagra," in 1686 appeared his "On the New Fe- ver," and in 1692 his last work, an out- line of pathology and therapeutics. An acute attack of gout carried him off Dec. 29, 1689, and he was interred in St. James's Church, Piccadilly, where in 1810 the College of Physicians erected a mural tablet to his memory. Sydenham's place in the history of medicine has already been given. Seem- ingly behind his age in science he was really ahead of it in practice. In acute disease he read the forthputting of that activity by which nature sought to right herself — an activity to be watched and, when possible, to be assisted. Chronic diseases he also viewed with the eye of Hippocrates, as due to habits or errors for which we ourselves are mainly re- sponsible, and these he met by appro- priate changes in diet and mode of life. Among special contributions to nosology he may be said to have first diagnosed scarlatina and classified chorea. Gout was another ailment on which he left a memorable mark. SYDNEY, the capital of New South Wales and the parent city of Australia, picturesquely situated on the S. shore of Port Jackson, the shore line being deeply indented by capacious bays or in- lets which form harbors in themselves, and are lined with wharves, quays, and warehouses. Some of the older streets are narrow and crooked, bearing a striking resemblance to those of an Eng- lish town; but the more modern streets, such as George street, Pitt street, Mar- ket street. King street, and Hunter street, rank high in oi'der of archi- tectural merit. The steam tramway sys- tem is extended to all parts of the sub- urbs, and water communication between the city and its transmarine suburbs, Balmain, North Shore, Manly Beach, etc., is maintained by numerous steam ferries. Among the most important pub- lic buildings are the new government offices, magnificent white freestone struc- tures in the Italian style; the town hall, with a tower 200 feet high, and a very capacious great hall; the postoffice, an Italian building with a tower 250 feet high; the government house; the uni- versity, a Gothic building with a front- age of nearly 400 feet, situated in a fine park; the free public library; school of art; public museum; grammar school; St. Andrew's (Episcopal) Cathedral; St. Mary's (R. C.) Cathedral; the Jewish synagogue; exchange; custom house; mint, parliament houses; hospitals, asy- lums, and numerous other ecclesiastical, scholastic, and business buildings. The city is well lighted with gas, and the electric light is used at the leading quay, the postoffice, the railway terminus, and other places. The places of open-air recreation include the Domain, a beauti- ful park covering about 140 acres; Hyde Park, 40 acres, near the center of the city; the Botanical Gardens, the finest in the colonies, 38 acres; Moore Park, 600 acres; the Centennial Park, designed to commemorate the colony's centenary (1888), 768 acres; and the race course, 202 acres. The entrance from the Pa- cific Ocean to Port Jackson, about 4 miles N. E. of Sydney, is 1 mile in width, and is strongly fortified; the bay itself is about 10 miles in length and 3 in aver- age breadth; it is well sheltered, and has a depth of water sufficient to float the largest vessels. Besides wharves and quays there are dry docks and other ac- commodation for shipping, and the trade of the port is very large. The principal exports are wool, tallow, hides, preserved meat, tin, copper, etc.; the imports, grain, tea, coffee, sugar, wine and spir- its, ironware and machinery, cotton and woolen goods, wearing apparel, furni- ture, etc. Sydney was founded in 1788, and was named in honor of Viscount Sydney, the colonial secretary. It was incorporated in 1842. The discovery of gold in the colony in 1851 gave an im- mense impetus to its progress. Pop. (1918) 792,300. SYDNEY, a city of Nova Scotia, Cana- da, and capital of Cape Breton co., on Sydney Harbor and the Inter-Colonial and the Sydney and Louisbourg rail- ways, about 257 miles N. E. of Hali- fax. Steamship connections are main- tained with. Montreal, Quebec, Halifax and Newfoundland. The manufacturing enterprises of the city are of importance, especially the steel works. Population about 20,000. SYENITE, or SIENITE, a name origi- nally applied to the granite of Syene, which contains hornblende, but now gen- erally restricted to a rock which consists of orthoclase, felspar and hornblende only; or where quartz is present only in sufficient quantity to be regarded as an accessory and not as an essential con-