Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/354

TEBEBBATULA 302 TERENTITJS TEREBRATTJLA, in zoology and palaeontology, the type genus of Tere- bratulidx. Shell smooth, convex; beak truncated and perforated; foramen cir- cular; deltidium of two pieces frequently blended ; loop very short, simple, attached by its crura to the hingeplate. Animal attached by a pedicle; brachial disk trilobed, center lobe elongated and spiral- ly convoluted. Terehratula proper has three recent species, from the Mediter- ranean, Vigo Bay, and the Falkland Isl- ands; fossil, 120, from the Devonian on- ward. Subgenera: Terebi-atulina, Wald- heimia, Meganteris, and Rensselseria, the latter from the Silurian to the Devonian. TEREBRATULIDJE, in zoology, a family of Brachiopoda. Woodward enu- merates five genera, to which Tate adds two others. Shell minutely punctate; usu- ally round or oval, smooth or striated; ventral valve with a prominent beak and two curved hinge-teeth; dorsal valve with depressed umbo, a prominent cardinal process between the dental sockets, and a slender shelly loop. Animal attached by a pedicle, or by the ventral valves; oral arms united by a membrane, vari- ously folded, sometimes spiral at their extremities. The family is numerous and widely distributed in time and space. The generic and sub-generic forms are usu- ally classified according to the modifi- cations of the loop or calcified support for the respiratory and alimentary or- gans, the simplest and highest type of this loop being found in Terehratula. The family was represented in Silurian seas, and reached its maximum about the dawn of the Tertiary epoch, since when many of its representatives have become extinct. TEBEBRATULINA, in zoology, a sub- genus of Terehratula. Loop short, ren- dered annular in the adult by the union of the oral processes. Recent species six, from the United States, Norway, Cape, and Japan; fossil 22, from the Oxford Clay. TERECAMPHENE, in chemistry, a solid crystallizable body, somewhat re- sembling camphor, produced by heating to 220° the solid hydro-chloride prepared from French turpentine, with potassium stearate or dry soap. It melts at 45° and boils at 160°. TERECHRYSIO ACID, CeHsOs; an acid, said to be obtained, together with oxalic, terephthalic, and terebic acids, in the watery liquid obtained by oxidizing oil of turpentine with nitric acid diluted with an equal bulk of water. TEREDINA, in zoology, a sub-genus of Teredo. The valVes have an accessory valve in front of the umbones; the aper- ture of the tube is sometimes shaped like an hour glass, or six-lobed. TEREDO, in botany, any disease in plants produced by the boring of in- sects. In zoology and palaeontology, a genus of Pholadidse, worm-like mollusks, having a sucker-like foot with a foliaceous bor- der, and long, cord-like gills; shell glob- ular, open in front and behind, lodged at the inner extremity of a burrow, in whole or in part lined with shell; valves three-lobed, concentrically striated. Known species; recent, 21, from Great Britain, Norway, the Black Sea, and the tropics, to 119 fathoms deep. T. iiavalis, the ship worm, is a soft, cylindrical, somewhat vermiform mollusk, two or two and a half feet long, with two small shells at its anterior extremity. It bores into timber, and is exceedingly destruc- tive to ships. In 1731 and 1732 it created alarm in Holland by boring into the piles constituting part of the defense of the country against the inroads of the sea. Though teak is not so easily attacked as many other kinds of timber, yet it does not wholly escape. The best protection against the teredo is metal sheathing and broad-headed iron nails hammered into the wood. Fossil species 24, from the Lias onward. Used also of any in- dividual of the genus. TEREK, a river in Russian Caucasia, rises near Mount Kasbec, flows in an E. direction, and enters the Caspian by many branches after a course of 350 miles. It has a descent, after reaching the plain (Mosdok), of 40 centimeters to the kil- ometer, and is utilized for irrigation in the district to which it gives name, and which is specially noted for its warm springs and petroleum wells. The dis- trict lying between the province of Stav- ropol and the highlands of Daghestan, has an area of 34,637 square miles. TERENTIUS AFER, PUBLIUS (more commonly Terence), a Roman poet; born in Carthage, whence his surname Afer, 185 B. C. Some authorities place him 10 years earlier. He was the last of the comic dramatists of Rome of whom we have anything remaining. The extant records of the life of Terence are more than apocryphal. He was either taken prisoner in war or sold in the slave mar- ket. His purchaser, or at all events the Roman into whose hands he fell, was a senator, Lucanus Terentius. On obtain- ing his freedom he took his patron's name. A liberal education followed, an4