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TEXTILE MANUFACTUBING 325 THACHER by the war. In 1919 about 75 new cot- ton mills or large additions were built in the United States, the yam industry in the division making the greatest gain, 22 new mills being listed under hosiery and five under coarse yams. In 1919 there were 289 new textile mills erected in the United States. In cotton manufacturing the mills of Lancashire have long held the yield, though the development of the textile in- dustries in the United States is likely before long to carry supremacy to this side of the Atlantic. The United States for a number of years has spun more pounds of raw material, but the spindles have run mostly on the coarse or me- dium-sized yams. Wool is grown and manufactured in various countries, and Great Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, Austria Hungary, with one or two adja- cent countries produce all except about one-sixth of the wool produced in Europe. England, Ireland and Scotland between them have perhaps the most important woolen industries. France produces a finer quality of woolen cloth than the United States, which is gradually assum- ing, on the other hand, a leading posi- tion in the carpet industry, which con- sumes large quantities of wool. In no line in this group of industries, perhaps, is the United States progressing more rapidly than in the manufacture of silk, in which it now surpasses all other countries. Already in the early years of the present century it surpassed France in the value of the product, in spite of the fact that the industry in this country dates back little further than the year 1870. The only serious competitors of the United States in this field that remain are China and Japan, whose exact status cannot be determined as reliable statis- tics are not available in regard to either. Japan in 1919 was reported as acquiring high-power looms and modem equipment for her silk factories, and was estimated to be manufacturing over 100 per cent more silk than she manufactured in pre- vious years. Raw silk comes to the United States mainly from China, Japan and Italy, and from these and other coun- tries were imported in 1918 an estimated total of 32,865,453 pounds. In the 10 months ending October, 1919, Japan alone provided the United States with $194,000,000 worth of raw silk out of the $251,000,000 worth imported in the 10 months ending with October. China sent $45,000,000 worth; Italy $11,000,000; while the imports from other countries were less than $1,000,000 worth. In 1919 manufacturers of silk in the United States had to pay higher prices for raw silk from other countries than in the previous years. In spite of the fact the value of imports of raw silk was the largest on record, exceeding $300,000,000 as against $180,000,000 in 1918, $156,- 000,000 in 1917, and $120,000,000 in 1916. The amount, despite the higher cost, was greater than in all the preceding years. The price of raw silk imported was the highest recorded averaging $8.42 per pound in October, as against an average of $3 per pound in 1915. In the United States in 1920 the demand for silk goods continued as strong as ever, and the vol- xnne of business recorded was greater than in any previous year. TEYTE, MAGGIE, an English so- prano, born in Wolverhampton in 1890. She studied music under Jean de Reszke at Paris, and made her first appearance at Monte Carlo in 1908 as Zerlina in Mo- zart's "Don Giovanni." She then became a member of the Opera Comique, whence she went to London and sang during the season of 1910. From 1910 to 1915 she was attached to the Chicago Opera Com- pany and toured all over the United States, establishing her reputation par- ticularly by her rendering of the roles of Mimi in "La Boheme" and Melisande in "Pelleas et Melisande." TEZCUCO, or TEZCOCO, a lake of Mexico, about 2^ miles E. of the city of Mexico, 15 miles long and 9 miles in its greatest width. It was formerly much more extensive and contained nu- merous islands, on which the old city of Mexico was built. Its waters are strong- ly impregnated with salt. Also a town on the above lake, 16 miles E. N. E. of Mexico, anciently of considerable impor- tance, of which only the ruins of its palaces and temples remain. It contains numerous handsome modern edifices. P»p. about 6,000. District 60,000. THAARUP, THOMAS, a Danish poet; born in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1749. Some of his dramatic compositions, among them "The Birthday" and "Peter's Wedding," are regarded as equal to the best in Danish literature. His "Song of Love and Fatherland" ranks as a lyrical classic. He died in 1821. THACHER, JOHN BOYD, an Ameri- can reformer; born in Ballston, N. Y., Sept. 11, 1847; was graduated at Wil- liams College in 1869; member of the New York Senate in 1884-1885, when he introduced the measures which resulted in the tenement house reforms ; mayor of Albany, N. Y., in 1886-1887, 1896-1897; and chairman of the Bureau of Awards at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. He was the author of several books, including: "The Continent