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THORPE 372 THOXJS (1893); "The Story of the Constitution" (1891); "The Government of the State of Pennsylvania" (1894); "The Constitution of the United States with Bibliography" (1894); "A Constitutional History of the American People, 1776-1850" (1898); "A History of the United States for Junior Classes" (1901); "The Civil War" (1906); "History; the Career of Man on Earth" (1909); "The House and House- hold" (1910); "An American Fruit Farm" (1915); "Essentials of American Con- stitutional Law" (1917). THORPE, ROSE HARTWICK, an American author; bom in Mishawaka, Ind., July 18, 1850; received a high school education. She became widely known be- cause of her poem "Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight." Her other publications include "Fred's Dark Days" (1881); "Nina Bruce" (1886); "The Chester Girls" (1887); "The Year's Best Days" (1889); "Temperance Poems" (1887); "Sweet Song Stories" (1898); etc. THORWALDSEN, ALBERT BAR- THOLOMEW (BERTEL) (tor'vald- 8en), a Danish sculptor; bom in Copen- hagen, Denmark, Nov. 19, 1770. At first he helped his father to cut figure heads in the royal dockyard, then, after some years' study at the Academy of Arts, THORWALDSEN he won the privilege of studying three years abroad. Going to Rome (1797) he studied the works of Canova the sculptor, and Carstens the painter. In 1803, he re- ceived a commission from Sir Thomas Hope to execute in marble a statue of Jason. Commissions flowed in and his unsurpassed abilities as a sculptor be- came everywhere recognized. In 1819 he returned to Denmark, and his journey through Germany and his reception at Copenhagen resembled a triumph. After a year in Copenhagen he returned to Rome, visiting on his way Berlin, Dres- den, Warsaw, and Vienna. He remained at Rorne till 1838, when he undertook an- other journey to Copenhagen, purposing to establish there a museum of his works and art treasures. His return was a sort of national festival. The remainder of his life was spent chiefly in the Danish capital. Thorwaldsen was eminently suc- cessful in his subjects chosen from Greek mythology, such as his Mars, Mer- cury, Venus, etc. His religious works, among which are a colossal group of Christ and the Twelve Apostles, St. John Preaching in the Wilderness, and statues of the four great prophets, display grandeur of conception. Chief among his other works are his statues of Galileo and Copernicus, and the colossal lion near Lucerne, in memory of the Swiss guards who fell in defense of the Tuileries. He died in Copenhagen, March 24, 1844. The Thorwaldsen Museum, opened in 1846, contains about 300 of the works of the sculptor. THOTH, or TAUT, an Egyptian deity identified by the Greeks with Hermes (Mercury), to whom was attributed the invention of letters, arts, and sciences. The name is equivalent in significance to the Greek Logos, and Thoth is a mythi- cal personification of the divine intelli- gence. THOTHMES III. (Tehuti-mes), an Egyptian king of the 18th dynasty; lived about 1600 B. c. and reigned for 54 years. He was famous for his conquests and carved upon the temple walls of Karnak the names of 625 vanquished cities and nations. THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE (to), a French statesman and historian; born in Paris, Oct. 8, 1553. Henry IV. em- ployed him in several important negotia- tions, and in 1593 made him his principal librarian. In 1595 he succeeded his uncle as chief-justice, and during the regency of Mary de Medici he was one of the directors-general of finance. His great- est literary labor was the composition in Latin of a voluminous "History of his own Times" (Historia sui Temporis), comprising the events from 1545 to 1607, of which the first part was made public in 1604. To this work, which is remark- able for its impartiality, he subjoined interesting "Memoirs" of his own life. He died May 7, 1617. THOUGHT TRANSFERENCE. See Telepathy. THOUS, in zo-ology, according to Hamilton Smith, a section of Canidse, having the form of wolves on a small scale; not more than 18 inches high; structure very light; tail rather short.