Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/480

TITICACA 418 TITLE lake is deep and stormy, so that ice forms near the shores only. It contains a number of strange fishes, and eight species of ma- rine crustaceans, which seem to indicate that it was once at the sea-level. There are eight habitable islands, the largest being Titicaca, which gave its name to the lake, and has an area of 20 square miles. It was the sacred island of the Incas, who laid it out in terraces planted with consecrated maize and flowers, and irrigated by channels supplied from the royal bath at the top. According to Squier, the name Titicaca probably signi- fies "Tiger Rock," and is due to a fancied resemblance of the rugged crest of the island to a wildcat. The lake is now navigated by steamers, and may be reached by railway from the seaport of Mollendo, 346 miles distant. TITIENS, or TEIEJENS, TERESA, a German operatic singer; born in Ham- burg, Germany July 18, 1831. She ap- peared as Lucrezia in her native town in her 16th year, and soon established her position as the chief lyric artist in Germany before her debut in London, on April 13, 1858, as Valentine in "The Huguenots." Her success here was so decided that she made that country her future home. She followed Mr. Maple- son's fortunes at the Opera House in the Haymarket and at Drury Lane, and was the chief attraction of his manage- ment. Nature not only gifted her with a voice of marvelous strength and bril- liant quality, but with a dramatic force illumined by the fire of genius. As Nor- ma, Donna Anna, Semiramide, Medea, and Leonora, she was unequalled by any of her contemporaries. In the concert room and in oratorio her success was un- equivocal. She died in the full maturity of her powers on Oct. 3, 1877. A monu- ment was erected to her memory in All- Souls' Cemetery, Kensal Green, London, in November, 1878. TITLE, an appellation; a name._ Also, an appellation of dignity, distinction, or pre-eminence given to persons; as, titles of honor, which are words or phrases be- longing to certain persons as their right in consequence of certain dignities being inherent in them or conferred on them; as, emperor, king, czar, prince, etg. In the United States there are no titles of distinction save those of professional men, which are conferred by authorized institutions as rewards for distinguished merit. Titles of nobility, conferred by any foreign power on any officer or em- ploye of the United States government, are prohibited by the Constitution, and any foreigner who may hold a title of nobility must, on becoming a citizen of the United States, renounce formally all pretensions to such distinction. The President, governors of States, and min- isters of foreign nations are addressed, and spoken of, as your or his "Excel- lency," save in the case of speaking to the President, who should be addressed as "Mr. President." The Vice-President, members of the Cabinet and members of Congress, heads of departments, assistant secretaries, comptrollers and auditors of Treasury, clerks of the Senate and House of Representatives, State Senators, law judges, mayors of cities, etc., are entitled "Honorable" and formally addressed as "Your Honor." The five orders of nobility in England are distinguished by the titles of duke, marquis, earl, viscount, and baron. The dignity of baronet is distinguished by that word placed after the name and sur- name of the holder of the dignity, and also by the title of Sir prefixed to the name. This title, like that of the peers, is hereditary. The dignity of knighthood, which is not hereditary, is distinguished by the title of Sir prefixed to the name and surname of the holder. An arch- bishop is styled His Grace the Lord Arch- bishop of ; a bishop, the Right Rev- erend the Lord Bishop of . Mem- bers of the Privy Council are entitled to be styled Right Honorable. Certain municipal offices have also titles attached to them; as. The Right Honorable the Lord Mayor of London, The Rjght Hon- orable the Lord Provost of Edinburgh, etc. Also the inscription in the begin- ning of a book, containing the subject of the work, and usually the names of the author, and publisher, date, etc.; a title page. Or a particular section or division of a subject, as of a law, a book, or the like; especially a section or chap- ter of a law book. Ecclesiology and Church history: (1) A condition precedent to, or a claim in favor of, ordination, such as a sphere of parochial or other spiritual work, always required by a bishop, except in certain specified cases, which are specified in Canon 33 of the Anglican Church. In the Roman Church the title formerly re- quired from every ordinand was that of a benefice {titulus heneficii), i. e., he was bound to show that he had been nominated to a benefice whose revenues were sufficient for his decent mainte- nance. The Council of Trent (1545-1563) added two other titles (1) fo patrimony (titulus patrimonii), where the ordinand had sufficient private property to main- tain him respectably, and (2) of pen- sion (titulus peyisionis), where some sol- vent person or persons bound themselves to provide for the cleric about to be or-