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TOLEDO 426 TOLEDO lines, including the Pennsylvania, the Hocking Valley, the Clover Leaf, the Pere Marquette, and the Grand Trunk. There are in all 17 railroads, operating 22 divisions. In addition there are 10 interurban lines. A belt line, 22 miles long, connects all railroads. The city is the most important shipping point of cargo coal on the Great Lakes, situated as it is at the west end of Lake Erie and at the foot of the upper chain of the Great Lakes. It is also the natural receiving point for the iron traffic from the Lake Superior region and of grain and lumber from the northwest. The city has an area of 31.51 square miles, and is most attractively laid out. It has about 250 miles of streets, of which about 200 are paved. There are 8 parks, well distributed, comprising a total of 1,533 acres, and including municipal golf courses and wading and swimming pools. Among the important public buildings are the Jessup W. Scott High School, the Morrison R. Waite High School, St. Patrick's Cathedral, a court house, post office. Newsboys' Building, Toledo Club, and the Chapel State Hospital for the Insane. The Museum of Art is one of the most beautiful buildings devoted to art in the United States. The school system is unusually effective. It includes open air schools, and other modern de- velopments in educational lines. Over 45,000 pupils are enrolled in the public schools and nearly $2,000,000 are spent annually for educational purposes. Its two high schools rank among the finest educational institutions in the United States. In addition there are many pa- rochial and private schools. There are over 140 churches. The industries of the city are diversified, and include the manufacture of automobiles, automobile parts and accessories, plate glass, cut glass, machinery, refined oil, sugar, ele- vators, women's clothing, children's vehi- cles, etc. There were in 1920 four na- tional and fourteen State banks, with deposits of $82,632,236 and a surplus of $7,047,279. There were also ten build- ing loan associations with deposits ag- gregating $8,800,546. Many conventions and annual meetings are held in the city. The Terminal Auditorium has a seating capacity of over 5,000. The Farmers' Exposition alone brings 150,000 people to the city each year. Toledo is the outgrowth of two town- ships, Port Lawrence, settled in 1817, and Vistula, settled in 1832. It was a famous battle ground in Indian wars. The village was incorporated in 1836 and with the opening of the Wabash and Erie Canal in 1843 and the Miami and Erie Canal in 1845 it grew rapidly. Pop. (1900), 131,822; (1910), 168,497; (1920), 243,164. TOLEDO (to-la'tho), a famous city of Spain; capital of a province, and long the capital of the whole country; on the N. bank of the Tagus, by which it is en- compassed on three sides, 40 miles S. S. W. of Madrid. It is situated on a num- ber of hills, 2,400 feet above sea-level; and the climate, excessively hot in sum- mer, is bitterly cold in vsdnter. The Tagus, surrounding the city on the E., S. and W., and flowing between high and rocky banks, leaves only one approach on the land side, which is defended by an inner and an outer wall, the former built by the Gothic King Wamba in the 7th cen- tury, the latter by Alfonso VI. in 1109, and both remarkable for the number and beauty of their towers and gates. Seen from a distance the city has a most im- posing appearance; within it is gloomy, silent, inert, and its narrow streets are irregular, ill-paved, and steep. In the middle of the city rises the lofty, mas- sive cathedral, surrounded by numerous churches and convents, mostly deserted. The cathedral, built in 1227-1493, on the site of a former mosque (consecrated to Christian uses in 1086, but pulled down to make way for the new church), is a large oblong edifice with semi-circular apse, and belongs to the simplest, noblest style of Spanish-Gothic, with a few touches of the florid Gothic, classical, and Saracenic styles. The interior is more impressive than the exterior, which is blocked by other buildings on all sides save one. It was ransacked and plun- dered in 1808, but it still contains some admirable stained glass, and pieces of sculpture. The cathedral is 404 feet long and 204 feet wide, and has five naves; the tower is 329 feet high. Connected with the cathedral are an extraordinary number of chapels, of great interest, alike from their architectural beauty, their decorations, anl their historical associa- tions. The great square or Zocodover, thoroughly Moorish in its architectural character, is a fashionable promenade, and was long the site on which heretics were burned and bull-fights took place. Moorish architecture is conspicuous in some churches, and in two gateways. The Alcazar, or old palace, the fortress com- manded by the Cid, rebuilt as a palace in the time of Charles V. and subse- quently, occupied the highest part of the city, but was burned down in 1887. The buildings of the town include a theologi- cal seminary, one or two old palaces, hospitals, what was once a great monas- tery, town hall, etc. There are manu- factures of church ornaments and vest-