TORPEDOES 443 TORQUEMADA invisibility of the submarine giving such a craft a great advantage in the use of a weapon like the torpedo, which is es- sentially a weapon of surprise. One of the developments promised for the future is a torpedo airplane, which shall carry a torpedo, with arrangements for launch- ing it from a height of several thousand feet while flying at full speed. There is promise also of a torpedo which can be controlled from the firing ship or from a shore station, by radio. Lastly may be mentioned a possible combination of these two plans, the torpedo being called from its having housed some sur-« vivors from the Armada) ; and St. Mi- chael's Chapel, on a hilltop, is thought to have been connected with the abbey. St. John's Church, by Street, is a strik- ing early English edifice ; and other build- ings are the town hall, museum, and thea- ter. Torquay is a great yachting station; its chief industries are the working up of Devonshire marbles and the manu- facture of terra-cotta. Pop. about 39,000. TORQUE, in archaeology, a twisted collar of gold, or other metal, worn WATER -TIGHT BULKHEAD
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tMMER3iON CHAMBER rWATER'T/QHT) GUIDE SLEEVE PISTON a 9 1 r VVVVVV'vVVsV.SVsSS's'NS's^^ CONNECTS WJTH STEERING GEAR V^ ^/^RINO HOLDING DIAPHRMM i-FlEXJ3LE DIAPHRAGM It: WATER PRESSURE ENGINE COMPAiRTMEUT fOPEN TO SEA) WATER-TIGHT BULKHEAD DIAGRAM OF DEPTH REGULATOR — ^FIG. 2 launched from an airplane at a great distance from the target, and controlled by radio from the airplane and so guided directly to the mark. TORQUAY, a watering place of South Devon, England; occupying a cove on the N. side of Tor Bay, 23 miles S. of Exe- ter and 220 W. S. W. of London. Tor Abbey was founded here for Premon- stratensian monks in 1196; and Tor Bay is famous in history as the place where in 1688 William of Orange landed at Brixham, and during the war with France was often used as a naval rendez- vous. But till the beginning of the 19th century Torquay itself was little more than an assemblage of fishermen's huts. About that time the advantages of its climate — which are a peculiarly sheltered position, an equable temperature (mean 44° in winter, 55° in summer), and free- dom from fogs — caused it to be resorted to by consumptive patients, and it soon acquired a European celebrity, which still is almost unrivaled. The remains of the abbey include some crypts and the 13th-century "Spanish barn" (so- around the neck in ancient times by the people of Asia and the N. of Europe, and apparently forming a great part of the wealth of the wearer. Among the ancient Gauls gold torques appear to have been so abundant that about 223 B. c. Flaminius Nepos erected to Jupiter a golden trophy made from the torques of the conquered Gauls. The name of the Torquati, a family of the Manlian Gens, was derived from their ancestor, T. Manlius, having in 361 B. C, slain a gigantic Gaul in single combat, whose torque he took from the dead body and placed on his own neck. The commonest form is that known as funicular, in which the metal is twisted, with a plain, nearly cylindrical portion at both ends, which are turned back in opposite directions, so that each end terminates in a kind of hook by which the torque was fastened. Bronze torques are, as a rule, thicker and bulkier. TORQUEMADA, THOMAS DE, the first inquisitor-general of Spain; born in Valladolid, Spain, in 1420. He became prior of a Dominican monastery at Se-
