Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 09.djvu/541

TRAVANCORE 471 TREAST7BY DEPARTMENT other principal places are Aulapolai and Quilon. TRAVERSE CITY, a city of Michi- gan, the county seat of Grand Traverse CO. It is at the mouth of the Boardman river, on Grand Traverse Bay, and on the Pere Marquette, the Grand Rapids and Indiana, the Traverse City, and other railroads. It is an attractive and popu- lar summer resort. It is also the center of an important fruit-growing region, and its industries include the manufac- ture of baskets, lumber, farm imple- ments, shoes, machine-shop products, etc. It contains the Northern Michigan Insane Asylum. Pop. (1910), 12,115; (1920), 10,925. TRAVERSE TABLE, in navigation, a table by means of which the difference of latitude and departure corresponding to any given course and distance may be found by inspection. It contains the lengths of the two sides of a right-an- gled triangle, usually for every quarter of a degree of angle, and for all lengths of the hypotenuse from 1 to 100. In railroading a platform on which cars are sliunted from one track to another of a switch table. TRAWLING, a mode of fishing in which a net in the form of a large bag, with a strong framework keeping the mouth properly distended, is dragged along the bottom of the sea. It is the mode chiefly adopted in deep-sea fishing, and has largely developed in recent years, being much prosecuted by small steam vessels specially built for the purpose, but it is not ordinarily allowed within three miles of the shore. In Scot- land the term trawling is often improp- erly applied to fishing for herring with the seine. TREADMILL, a wheel driven by the weight of persons treading on the steps of the periphery; originally an inven- tion of the Chinese to raise water for the irrigation of the fields. It is em- ployed in some prisons, where it forms part of the "hard labor" of persons con- victed. The' usual form is a wheel 16 feet long and five in diameter, several such wheels being coupled together when necessary for the accommodation of the prisoners. The circumference of each has 24 equidistant steps. Each prisoner works in a separate compartment, and has the benefit of a hand rail. The wheel makes two revolutions per minute, which: is equivalent to a vertical ascent of 32 feet. The power may be utilized in grinding grain or turning machinery. Its use, as part of the machinery of "hard labor" in prisons, is now greatly restricted, as the weak and strong are by it compelled to equal exertion. TREASON, HIGH, that crime which is directly committed against the supreme authority of the State, considered to be the greatest crime that can be com- mitted. Formerly in England certain offenses against private superiors were ranked as petit or petty treason, and it was in opposition to such offenses that treason against the sovereign was called high treason; but by an act of George IV. high treason was made the only treason. Thr present law of treason in England comprehends the following de- scriptions, namely: (1) Compassing or imagining the king's death. (2) Viola- tion of the king's companion (meaning the queen), his eldest daughter, unmar- ried, or the wife of the eldest son and heir. (3) Levying war against the king in his realm. (4) Adhering to his en- emies in his realm, and giving them aid and comfort in the realm or elsewhere. (5) Counterfeiting the great or privy seal. (6) Slaying the chancellor, treas- urer, etc. The third of the offenses de- tailed in this statute is now treason fel- ony and has a milder punishment than treason annexed to it. Clause 5 is now repealed. The English law condemns the person convicted of treason to be drawn in a hurdle to the place of execution, there to be hanged, and then beheaded and quartered; and a conviction was fol- lowed by forfeiture of land and goods and attainder of blood; but this is now restricted to hanging, forfeiture and at- tainder being abolished. The conceal- ment of treason is called misprison of treason. In the United States treason consists in levying war by a citizen against the country, or adhering to its enemies. In the session of Congress (1901-1902) sev- eral measures were introduced making any attack on the life of the President, Vice-President, or certain other govern- ment officials an act of treason, and pun- ishable by death. The provision was also introduced that the offender should be tried by the Federal Courts, thus re- moving such cares from the jurisdiction of State courts at the place of the oc- currence. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, one of the executive branches of the United States Government; the fiscal branch of the Government. It controls the collec- tion, custody, and disbursement of the public revenue. It is presided over by a secretary, who directs the collection, safe- keeping, and disbursement of the rev- enue, submits to Congress the estimates