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TBEATY 484 TREATY in former German territory ceded to Po- land with the right of observation of a similar exception for Luxemburg. SHIPPING Ships of the allied and associated powers shall for five years and there- after under condition of reciprocity, un- less the League of Nations otherwise de- cides, enjoy the same rights in German ports as German vessels, and have most favored nation treatment in fishing, coasting trade, and towage even in ter- ritorial waters. Ships of a country hav- ing no seacoast may be registered at some one place within its territory. UNFAIR COMPETITION Germany undertakes to give the trade of the allied and associated powers ade- quate safeguards against unfair competi- tion, and in particular to suppress the use of false wrappings and markings, and on condition of reciprocity to respect the laws and judicial decisions of allied and associated states in respect of regional appellations of wines and spirits. TREATMENT OF NATIONALS Germany shall impose no exceptional taxes or restriction upon the nationals of allied and associated states for a period of five years, and, unless the League of Nations acts, for an additional five years German nationality shall not continue to attach to a person who has become a national of an allied or associated state. MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS Some forty multilateral conventions are renewed between Germany and the allied and associated powers, but special conditions are attached to Germany's re- admission to several. As to postal and telegraphic conventions Germany must not refuse to make reciprocal agreements with the new states. She must agree as respects the radio-telegraphic convention to provisional rules to be communicated to her, and adhere to the new convention when formulated. In the North Sea fish- eries and North Sea liquor traffic con- vention, rights of inspection and police over associated fishing boats shall be exercised for at least five years only by vessels of these powers. As to the inter- national railway union she shall adhere to the new convention when formulated. China, as to the Chinese customs tariff arrangement of 1905 regarding Whang poo, and the Boxer indemnity of 1901; France, Portugal, and Rumania, as to The Hague Convention of 1905,^ relating to civil procedure, and Great Britain and the United States as to Article III. or the Samoan Treaty of 1899, are relieved of all obligations toward Germany. BILATERAL TREATIES Each allied and associated state may renew any treaty with Germany in so far as consistent with the peace treaty by giving notice within six months. Treaties entered into by Germany since Aug. 1, 1914, with other enemy states, and before or cince that date with Ru- mania, Russia, and governments repre- senting parts of Russia, are abrogated, and concessions granted under pressure by Russia to German subjects are an- nulled. The allied and associated states are to enjoy most favored nation treat- ment under treaties entered into by Ger- many and other enemy states before Aug. 1, 1914, and under treaties entered into by Germany and neutral states during the war. PRE-WAR DEBTS A system of clearing houses is to be created within three months, one in Ger- many and one in each allied and asso- ciated state, which adopts the plan for the payment of pre-war debts, including those arising from contracts suspended by the war. For the adjustment of the proceeds of the liquidation of enemy property and the settlement of other obli- gations, each participating state assumes responsibility for the payment of all debts owing by its nationals to nationals of the enemy states, except in case of pre-war insolvency of the debtor. The proceeds of the sale of private enemy property in each participating state may be used to pay the debts owed to the nationals of that state, direct paymerrt from debtor to creditor and all communi- cations relating thereto being prohibited. Disputes may be settled by arbitration by the courts of the debtor country, or by the mixed arbitral tribunal. Any ally or associated power may, however, de- cline to participate in this system by giv- ing six months' notice. ENEMY PROPERTY Germany shall restore or pay for all private enemy property seized or dam- aged by her, the amount of damages to be fixed by the mixed arbitral tribunal. The allied and associated states may liquidate German private property within their territories as compensation for property of their nationals not restored or paid for by Germany, For debts owed to their nationals by German nationals and for other claims against Germany, Germany is to compensate its nationals for such losses and to deliver within six months all documents relating to prop- erty held by its nationals in allied and associated states. All war legislation as to enemy property rights and interest is confirmed and all claims by Germany