Page:ComstockInertia.djvu/14

however, the International Atomic Weight values for 1907 instead of those Rydberg used.

Sign	M.	N $\overbrace {2M,\quad 2M+1}$		Atomic Weight	D.	Sign.	M.	N $\overbrace {2M,\quad 2M+1}$		Atomic Weight	D.
He Li Be B C N O Fl Ne Na Mg Al Si	2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14	4 8 12 16 20 24 28	7 11 15 19 23 27	4 7,03 9,1 11,0 12,00 14,01 16,00 19,0 20,0 23,05 24,36 27,1 28,4	– ,03 1,1 ,0 ,0 -,99 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,05 ,36 ,1 ,4	P S Cl A K Ca Sc – – Ti V Cr Mn Fe	15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28	32 36 40 44 48 52 56	31 35 39 43 47 51 55	31,0 32,06 35,45 39,9 39,15 40,1 44,1 – – 48,1 51,2 52,1 55,0 55,9	,0 ,06 ,45 3,9 ,15 ,1 1,1 – – ,1 ,2 ,1 ,0 ,1

The orderly arrangement of the series is striking. It will be noticed that in three cases only are the $D$'s greater than unity and only in two cases are they negative.

Rydberg points out that although the heavier elements do not conform well to this scheme, i. c., do not in general give the small fractional values of ($D$) noticed above, yet this is in reality no valid objection, for the numerical values of the weights of heavier elements depend much more on the value of the arbitrary unit chosen than do those of the lighter weight elements, and hence they can have little influence one way or the other in estimating the validity of the curious relations he sets forth.

The whole question is of course whether these differences represent real physical deviations from something or whether they are merely mathematical remainders. Rydberg certainly believes them to represent physical realities, and considering the before-mentioned overwhelming improbability that the approximation of the atomic weights to whole numbers is due to chance, we can hardly doubt that he is right.

13. Now it is to be noticed that these deviations find a ready explanation when the conclusions of the present paper are combined with the theory, so much favoured recently, that one element breaks down into two or more others with an accompanying expulsion of energy. The deviations are then to be explained as resulting from loss of mass accompanying the dissipation of energy. On the other hand, if no such loss of mass takes place, the existence of these deviations in the