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Nov.,1911 RELATION OF BIRDS TO AN INSECT OUTBREAK 205 Before taking up a discussion of the influence of birds on the checking of this particular outbreak of insects, it is necessary that there be giveu some idea as to the bird population of the territory affected. A list of the species recognized with certainty by the writer during his stay at Sisson, August 20 to 25, inclusive, 1911, follows. 1. Mountain quail. Oreorty?c picta plumifera. 2. Mourning dove. Zenaidura macroura carolinensis. 3. Turkey vulture. Cathartes aura septentrionalis. 4. Western red-tailed hawk. Buteo borealis calurus. 5. Sparrow hawk. Falco sparverius. 6. Belted kingfisher. Ceryle alcyon. 7. White-headed woodpecker. Wenopicus albolarvatus. 8. Lewis woodpecker. ?lsyndesmus lewisi. 9. Red-shafted flicker. Colapies caret collaris. 10. Pacific nighthawk. Chordeiles virginianus hesperis. 11. Hummingbird. Species ? 12. Western kingbird. Tyrannus verticalis. 13. Say phoebe. Sayornis sayus. 14. Western flycatcher. Empidonaac di?cilis. 15. Blue-fronted jay. Cyanoci#a stellerifrontalis. 16. Red-winged blackbird. ,'lgelaius phoeniceus, subspecies ? 17. Western meadowlark. Sturnella neglecta. 18. Bullock oriole. Icierus bullocki. 19. Brewer blackbird. Euphagus cyanocephalus. 20. Western evening grosbeak. IYesperiphona vespertina montana. 21. Cassin purple finch. Carpodacus cassini. 22. Green-backed goldfinch. ?'lstragalinus psaltria heSPerophilus. 23. English sparrow. Passer domesticus. 24. Western Savannah sparrow. Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus. 25. Brewer sparrow. Spizella breweri. 26. Sierra innco. Junco hyemalis thurberi. 27. Mountain song sparrow. ?[elospiza melodia montana. 28. Thick-billed fox sparrow. Passerella iliaca megarhyncha. 29. Spurred towhee. Pipilo maculatus megalony?c. 30. Green-tailed towbee. Oreospiza chlorura. 31. Lazuli bunting. Passerina amoena. 32. Western tanager. Piranga ludoviciana. 33. Cliff swallow. Petrochelidon lunifrons. 34. Western barn swallow. Iirundo erythroo?astra. 35. Violet-green swallow. Tachycineta thalassina lepida. 36. Western warbling vireo. Vireosylva gilva swainsouL 37. Calaveras warbler. Vermivora rubricapilla gutturalis. 38. California yellow warbler. Dendroica aestiva brewsteri. 39. Dipper or water-ouzel. Cinclus me?cicanus unicolor. 40. Western house wren. Troglodytes aedon parkmaul. -- 41. Red-breasted nuthatch. Sitta canadensis. 42. Mountain chickadee. Penthestes gainbell. 4,3. California bush-tit. Psa#riparus rainlinus californicus. 44. Western robin. Planesticus migratorius propinquus. 45. Western bluebird. Sialia me?cicana occidentalis. Brewer blackbirds, English sparrows and cliff swallows were the commonest birds found about the streets of the town. In the meadows, red-winged black- birds,'Savannah sparrows and meadowlarks were the only birds seen in any num- bers. The red-wings were usually in flocks of several hundred, mostly juveniles. Wherever wild fruit was abundant robins and orioles could be found. In the brush green-tailed towhees were the commonest birds, but Calaveras warblers were also abundant. Only a few spurred towbees were noted. Western house wrens were more often heard than seen. Along the railroad tracks where the brush had been