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May, 1915 BIRDS OF KOOTENAI COUNTY, IDAHO 119 Lake Coeur d'Alene is the largest body of water in the County, being t?venty-two miles in length, narrow in width, with an area of 41.4 square miles, snd with a shore line of 103 miles. Its general trend is north and south; eleva- tion 2120 to 2136 feet. The Coeur d'Alene mountains, north and east of the Lake, are a continuation of the Bitterroot Range; in them the Coeur d'Alene River rises and flows h?to the southern end of the lake. Five miles farther south the St. Joe River forms the other principal tributary. The Spokane River is the outlet of the lake, and empties into the Columbia about seventy-five miles northwest from the lake. Fernan Lake is a small body of water situated a short distance from Coeur d'Alene City. The lake is fed by a small creek bearing the same name, which flows through an alder swamp of nearly 100 acres extent at the east end of the lake. In this swamp and on the hills surrounding Fernan Lake I have observed 76 species of birds. Coeur d'Alene Lake and also the smaller lakes are encircled with hills which at one time were cov- ered to the shores with a dense growth of yellow pine and fir, but in the past few years have been denuded to a great extent by forest fires and logging operations. These hills are now growing up with dense stands of young Douglas fir, white fir, wegtern larch, lodge- pole pine and yellow pine. The more open hillsides and ridges are 2o'KOOTENAI 0lllqTY. IDAHO. GENERAL ToPOGRAPHy Fig. 45 covered with a thick growth of shrubs, mainly ocean spray (Schizonotus dis- color), ninebark (Opulaster pauciflorus), buckbrush (Ceanothus sanguineus), sticky laurel (Ceanothus velutinus), and serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia). The undergrowth on the low hills is mostly composed of Pachistima myrsinites, thimble berry (Rubus parviflorus), bracken fern, Oregon grape, and occasion-