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CORNWALL number of Cornish, including only heads of families, is stated at 5596. This mentions six chief lords of manors, and twenty-three thanes or tenants ; the remainder are for the most part cottagers {bonlarli), peasants {vil/ani) and serfs (.q'/tv). Multiplying these figures to include wives, children and clergy, we may make a rough estimate of 35,000. In the first year of Richard IL a census taken for taxing of all persons over the age of fourteen (exclusive of clergy), gave the number as 34,274 ; which might give a total of about 60,000. As the mining industry increased, population increased with it ; still, at the census of 1801 the figures were only 192,281. In the following fifty years these figures were nearly doubled, the total being 355,558, which up to the present must be taken as the high- water mark of Cornish population. The census of 1871 showed a decline; miners had begun to leave the Old World for the New. In 1 891 the total was 322,571 ; in 190 1 it was 322,957. That is to say, the entire population of the duchy at the present day is about equal to that of Bristol, about half that of Liverpool, about one-seventeenth that of London. The very slight increase must be accounted for by Cornwall's rapidly growing popularity as a summer resort. Its densest centres of population are still the mining dis- tricts, but these show a considerable decrease. Redruth, for example, though its municipal population has increased to the extent of I 27,,