Roman school; name appears in the list of the Ghibellines of Gubbio in 1315; painted before 1337 in S. M. de' Laici, Gubbio, and in 1342 in the Palazzo del Comune. On one of the outer walls of the church are the remains of a life-size St. Anthony, and another fragment, which may be by Palmerucci. They have the flatness of a miniature, with little or no relief.—C. & C., Italy, ii. 185; Cibo, 14.
PALMEZZANO, MARCO (DI ANTONIO),
born in Forli in 1456 (?), died after
1527. Umbrian school; pupil of Melozzo
da Forli, and inheritor of his style; his
works show the same accuracy in linear perspective,
and but little feeling for colour.
His best works in churches are in S. Girolamo
and in the Carmine, Forli, and a Madonna
and Saints (1500), in the orphan asylum
of the Michelline Faenza. Of those in
galleries, good examples are: Madonna Enthroned
with Saints, Christ bearing the
Cross, Berlin Museum; St. Sebastian, Carlsruhe
Gallery; Madonna and Saints (1513),
Old Pinakothek, Munich; Coronation of
the Virgin, Madonna with Saints, Brera,
Milan; Circumcision (1535), Bergamo Gallery;
Crucifixion, Uffizi; Entombment, National
Gallery, London; Madonna with
Saints (1537); Museum of S. Giov. Laterano,
Rome.—C. & C., ii. 566; Vasari, ed.
Le Mon., iv. 201; xi. 92; Burckhardt, 560;
Lübke, Gesch. ital. Mal., i. 401.
PALOMINO DE CASTRO Y VELASCO,
ACISCLO ANTONIO, born at Bujalance in
1653, died in Madrid in 1725. Spanish
school; pupil in Cordova of Valdés Leal
and of Alfaro; went to Madrid in 1678,
after he had received minor orders in the
church, and became famous for works in
the Alcázar and the Escorial, and at Salamanca
and Granada. After the death of his
wife he entered into full orders. Though
a fair painter, Palomino is best known as
the historian of the artists of Spain, a work
in two folio volumes, entitled "El Museo
Pictorico y Escala Optica" (Madrid, 1715-24).
Works: Conception, St. John, St. Bernard,
Madrid Museum.—Stirling, iii. 1120;
Cean Bermudez; Ch. Blanc, École espagnole;
Madrazo, 499.
PALTRONIERI, PIETRO, called Il Mirandolese
dalle prospettive, born at Bologna
in 1673, died there in 1741. Bolognese
school. Architecture painter, pupil of F.
Cassana, and of Marcantonio Chiarini (1652-1730),
whose manner he adopted. Many of
his pictures, in which the figures were frequently
supplied by Ercole Graziani, may be
seen in public buildings at Bologna, Rome,
and Vienna; they usually represent arches,
fountains, aqueducts, temples, and ruins,
tinged with a certain reddish colour. In the
Dresden Museum is a specimen with Ruins
of Palaces.—Lanzi (Roscoe), iii. 176.
PAMPHILUS, painter, of Amphipolis in
Macedonia, pupil of Eupompus, about 377
B.C. He became the head of the Sicyonic
school, and did much more for it than even
his master. His pupils, among whom were
Apelles and Melanthius, paid him a talent
for a course of study extending over twelve
years. His scientific attainments enabled
him to found a school based on the exact
knowledge of proportion and perspective;
and he did for painting what Polycletus did
for sculpture. Among his pictures were the
Battle of Philios, Victory of the Athenians,
and Ulysses in his Ship.—Pliny, xxxv. 75, 76;
Plut. Arat., 13; Quin., xii. 10, 6; Suid., v.;
and Schol. Arist. Plut., 385; Brunn, ii. 132.
PAN, SCHOOL OF, Luca Signorelli, Palazzo
Corsi, Florence; canvas, signed. Pan,
sitting on a rocky throne; Olympus, standing
beside him, playing, with two shepherds
listening. The sounds are supposed to be
wafted away by the reeds held united by a
man lying on the ground, and a nymph
(Echo?), standing; two other nymphs in
background. Nearly same subject painted
by Signorelli in Palazzo Petrucci, Siena.
Probably the picture mentioned by Vasari
as painted for Lorenzo de' Medici; found in
Florence in 1865. Engraved in C. & C.—Vasari,
ed. Mil., iii. 689; C. & C., Italy,
iii. 5.
