Page:Darwin - The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilized by insects (1877).djvu/51

This page has been proofread, but needs to be validated.
Chap. I.
FERTILISED BY INSECTS.
31
Polyommatus alexis.

Lycæna phlæas.

Arge galathea.

Hesperia sylvanus.

Hesperia linea.

Syrichthus alveolus.

Anthrocera filipendulæ.

Anthrocera trifolii.[1]

Lithosia complana.

Leucania lithargyria (two specimens).

Caradrina blanda.

Caradrina alsines.

Agrotis cataleuca.

Eubolia mensuraria (two specimens).

Hadena dentina.

Heliothis marginata (two specimens).

Xylophasia sublustris (two specimens).

Euclidia glyphica.

Toxocampa pastinum.

Melanippe rivaria.

Spilodes palealis.

Spilodes cinctalis.

Acontia luotuosa.


A large majority of these moths and butterflies had two or three pairs of pollinia attached to them, and invariably to the proboscis. The Acontia had seven pair (fig. 4), and theFig. 4.Head and proboscis of Acontia luctuosa with seven pair of pollinia of Orchis pyramidalis attached to the proboscis. Caradrina no less than eleven pair! The proboscis of this latter moth presented an extraordinary arborescent appearance. The saddle-formed discs, each bearing a pair of pollinia, adhered to the proboscis, one before the other, with perfect symmetry; and this follows from the moth having always inserted its proboscis into the nectary in exactly the same manner, owing to the presence of the guiding plates on the labellum. The unfortunate Caradrina, with its proboscis thus encumbered, could hardly have reached the extremity of the nectary, and would soon have


  1. I am indebted to Mr. Parfitt for an examination of this moth, which is mentioned in the 'Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer,' vol. ii. p. 182, and vol. iii. p. 3, Oct. 3, 1857. The pollinia were erroneously thought to belong to Ophrys apifera. The pollen had changed from its natural green colour to yellow; on washing it, however, and drying it, the green tint returned.