CHAP. IV.
_____hibited; that they would forget the death of Byrrhus, a senator to whose superior merit the late emperor had granted one of his daughters; and that they would forgive the execution of Arrius Antoninus, the last representative of the name and virtues of the Antonines. The former, with more integrity than prudence, had attempted to disclose to his brother-in-law, the true character of Cleander. An equitable sentence pronounced by the latter, when proconsul of Asia, against a worthless creature of the favourite, proved fatal to him[1]. After the fall of Perennis, the terrors of Commodus had, for a short time, assumed the appearance of a return to virtue. He repealed the most odious of his acts, loaded his memory with the public execration, and ascribed to the pernicious counsels of that wicked minister, all the errors of his inexperienced youth. But his repentance lasted only thirty days; and, under Oleander's tyranny, the administration of Perennis was often regretted.
A.D.189.Pestilence and famine contributed to fill up the measure of the calamities of Rome[2]. The first could be only imputed to the just indignation of the gods; but a monopoly of corn, supported by the riches and power of the minister, was considered as the immediate cause of the second. The popular discontent, after it had long circulated in whispers, broke out in the assembled circus. The people quitted their favourite amusements for the more delicious pleasure of revenge, rushed in crowds towards a palace in the suburbs, one of the emperor's retirements, and demanded, with angry clamours, the head of the public enemy. Cleander, who commanded the pretorian guards[3], ordered a
- ↑ Hist. August, p. 48.
- ↑ Heiodian, 1. i.p. 28; Dion, 1. Ixxii.p. 1215. Thelattersays, that two thousand persons died every day at Rome, during a considerable length of time.
- ↑ Tuncque primum tres praefecti praetorio fuere : inter quos libertinus. From some remains of modesty, Cleander declined the title, whilst he assumed the powers of pretorian prefect. As the other freedmen were styled, from their several departments, a ralionihus, ab epistolis ; Cleander called himself a pugione, as intrusted with the defence of his master's person. Salmasius and Casaubon seem to have talked very idly upon this passage.
