and forty,[1] a new confederacy was formed under the name of Franks by the old inhabitants of the Lower Rhine and the Weser. The present circle of Westphalia, the Landgraviate of Hesse, and the duchies of Brunswick and Luneburg, were the ancient seat of the Chauci, who, in their inaccessible morasses, defied the Roman arms;[2] of the Cherusci, proud of the fame of Arminius; of the Catti, formidable by their firm and intrepid infantry; and of several other tribes of inferior power and renown.[3] The love of liberty was the ruling passion of these Germans; the enjoyment of it their best treasure; the word that expressed that enjoyment the most pleasing to their ear. They deserved, they assumed, they maintained the honourable epithet of Franks or Freemen; which concealed, though it did not extinguish, the peculiar names of the several states of the confederacy.[4] Tacit consent and mutual advantage dictated the first laws of the union; it was gradually cemented by habit and experience. The league of the Franks may admit of some comparison with the Helvetic body; in which every canton, retaining its independent sovereignty, consults with its brethren in the common cause, without acknowledging the authority of any supreme head or representative assembly.[5] But the principle of the two confederacies was extremely different. A peace of two hundred years has rewarded the wise and honest policy of the Swiss. An inconstant spirit, the thirst of rapine, and a disregard to the most solemn treaties, disgraced the character of the Franks.
They invade Gaul The Romans had long experienced the daring valour of the people of Lower Germany. The union of their strength threatened with a more formidable invasion, and required the presence of Gallienus, the heir and colleague of Imperial power.[6] Whilst that prince[7] and his infant son Saloninus displayed in the court of Treves the majesty of the empire, its armies were- ↑ Most probably under the reign of Gordian, from an accidental circumstance fully canvassed by Tillemont, tom. iii. p. 710, 1181.
- ↑ Plin. Hist. Natur. xvi. 1. The panegyrists frequently allude to the morasses of the Franks.
- ↑ Tacit. Germania, c. 30, 37.
- ↑ In a subsequent period most of those old names are occasionally mentioned. See some vestiges of them in Cluver. Germ. Antiq. l. iii.
- ↑ Simler de Republicâ Helvet, cum notis Fuselin.
- ↑ Zosimus, l. i. p. 27 [30].
- ↑ [Zonaras, xii. 14.]
Sugambri and Chamavi and in the third century had been increased by the Chatti. The Amsivarii, Chattuarii and some of the Bructeri also joined their "league".]
