1850 to 1876 he sent twenty-nine oil-pictures to the Royal Academy.
Early in 1855 he left London for Great Missenden, where he afterwards built a house and resided for the rest of his life. He made frequent journeys to town to give lessons until 1882, when he abandoned teaching. He numbered among his pupils the Empress Frederick of Germany, Lord Dufferin, Lord Northbrook, the ladies of the Rothschild family, and Lady Amherst of Hackney and her six daughters. Meanwhile he continued his sketching tours in Scotland and on the continent, visiting France, Italy, and Germany. His work became somewhat mannered and after a time it ceased to attract. About two years before his death, however, he began to turn out his portfolios of early works, and these sold so well that in the autumn of 1907 he was induced to open an exhibition of them at the Leicester Galleries, which was a great success. After his death an exhibition of his remaining drawings and sketches was held at the same place in 1909. Callow died at The Firs, Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire, on 20 Feb. 1908, from influenza, followed by pleurisy, and was buried in the churchyard there. He possessed a remarkably strong physique and had an intense love for good music. He was married twice: (1) in 1846 to Harriet Anne (d. 1883), daughter of Henry Smart, the violinist [q. v.]; (2) in 1884 to Mary Louisa Jefferay.
Among water-colour drawings by Callow in the Victoria and Albert Museum are those of 'Easby Abbey, Yorkshire,' 'The Town Hall, Bruges,' 'The Market Place, Frankfort,' 'Old Houses, Berncastel, on the Moselle,' and 'The Leaning Tower, Bologna.' An interior of ' St. Mary's Church, Richmond, Yorkshire,' is in the possession of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours.
[William Callow, R.W.S., F.R.G.S. An Autobiography, ed. H. M. Cundall, 1908 (with portrait of Callow, aged 86, and plates in colour from his drawings); The Times, 24 Feb. 1908; Art Journal, April 1908; the Parish Registers of Lowestoft, Suffolk [1751–1812], privately printed by F. A. Crisp, 1904; Exhibition Catalogues of the Royal Academy, British Institution, and Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours, 1838-1908.]
CALTHORPE, sixth BARON. [See Gough-Calthorpe, Sir Augustus Cholmondeley (1829–1910).]
CAMBRIDGE, second Duke of. [See George William Frederick Charles (1810–1904).]
CAMPBELL, Sir ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, first Baron Blythswood (1835–1908), amateur of science, born at Florence on 22 Feb. 1835, was eldest of nine children of Archibald Douglas (1809–1868), 17th laird of Mains, Dumbartonshire, who assumed the name of Campbell in 1838 on succeeding his cousin, Archibald Campbell, as 12th laird of Blythswood. His father claimed descent from Sir Duncan Campbell (created Lord Campbell in 1445), ancestor of the dukes of Argyll [see Campbell, Colin, d. 1493], and from William de Douglas (fl. 1174), ancestor of the earls of Douglas, Hamilton and Morton. His mother was Caroline Agnes, daughter of Mungo Dick of Pitkerrow, co. Fife. After private education for the army, he joined in 1854 the 79th highlanders; next year he was transferred to the Scots guards, and served in the Crimea (where he was severely wounded in the trenches before Sevastopol), retiring from the army in 1868. Thenceforth his interests lay in politics, the auxiliary forces, and in science. A wealthy landowner and a strong conservative, he was active in organising the party in Scotland and sat in the House of Commons for Renfrewshire 1873–4, and for West Renfrewshire 1885–92. On 4 May 1880 he was made a baronet a and on 24 Aug. 1892 was raised to the peerage as Baron Blythswood. He commanded the 4th battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland highlanders from 1874 to 1904, and was aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria and King Edward VII from 1894. At Blythswood House, Renfrewshire, he entertained King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra (when Prince and Princess of Wales) in 1870 and Queen Victoria in 1888.
Lord Blythswood, who enjoyed the intimate friendship of Lord Kelvin and other notable men of science, rendered important services to astronomical and physical science. He maintained at Blythswood House a splendidly equipped laboratory, the resources of which he placed freely at the disposal of scientific friends. He obtained photographic action through various opaque substances before Rontgen announced his results in 1895, and came near, according to Prof. Andrew Gray, F.R.S., to the discovery of the X-rays. Much of his time and labour was devoted to the construction of instruments of precision; foremost amongst these is his great dividing engine for ruling diffraction gratings. After his death Lady Blythswood placed this instrument and other apparatus connected therewith on loan at the National Physical Laboratory at
