distrusted the Irish political leaders of his time. He attended the great unionist demonstration at Dublin in November 1887. In theory he judged separation to be the real solution of the Irish problem, but deemed the country unripe for any heroic change (cf. Sonnets, 1900). To all military aggression he was hostile. He strenuously opposed the South African war (1899-1902). One of his finest sonnets commemorated the death of Sir George Pomeroy Colley [q. v.] at the battle of Majuba Hill on 27 Feb. 1881. It formed a reply (in the Academy, 2 April 1881) to an elegiac sonnet by Archbishop Trench in 'Macmillan's Magazine' of the same month. Ingram, while honouring Colley's valour, denounced as 'foul oppression' the cause for which he fought.
Ingram died at his residence, 38 Upper Mount Street, Dublin, on 1 May 1907, and was buried in Mount Jerome cemetery.
His portrait, painted by Miss Sarah Purser, R.H.A., was presented by friends to the Royal Irish Academy on 22 Feb. 1897.
Ingram married on 23 July 1862 Madeline, daughter of James Johnston Clarke, D.L., of Largantogher Maghera, co. Londonderry. She died on 7 Oct. 1889, leaving four sons and two daughters. Many of Ingram's published sonnets are addressed to his wife; one of them, entitled 'Winged Thoughts,' commemorates the death in South Africa, in 1895, of his third son, Thomas Dunbar Ingram, two of whose own sonnets appear in the volume.
[Memoir in Royal Irish Academy Abstract of Minutes, Session 1907-8, pp. [16]-[24]; Bibliography of Ingram's writings with a brief chronology by Thomas W. Lyster in an leabanlann, vol. iii. No. 1, June 1909 (Dublin), with photograph of Miss Purser's portrait; Memoir by C. Litton Falkiner (an account chiefly of Ingram's work for the Dublin Statistical Society, and of his economic writings), Dublin, 1907; Memoir in Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy, App. 1908; Positivist Review, ed. S. H. Swinny, June 1907 — Ingram's Religious Position, by E. S. Beesly and Personal Reminiscences by the Editor; A Treasury of Irish Poetry in the English Tongue, ed. Stopford A. Brooke and T. W. Rolleston, 1905, pp. 142, 513; notes from Prof. R. Y. Tyrrell and Mr. S. H. Swinny.]
INGRAM, THOMAS DUNBAR (1826–1901), Irish historical writer and lawyer, born in Newry on 28 July 1826, was second son of William Ingram by his wife Elizabeth Cooke. John Kells Ingram [q. v. Suppl. II] was his elder brother. After a preliminary education in Newry, he was sent to Queen's College, Belfast, where he matriculated in 1849 and graduated B.A. and LL.B. in 1853. Proceeding to London in 1854, he entered London University and graduated LL.B. there in 1857. He entered Lincoln's Inn as a student on 24 Jan. 1854, obtained a law studentship in January 1855, and was called to the bar on 17 Nov. 1856. In 1864 he published 'Compensation to Land and House Owners, being a Treatise on the Law of Compensation for Interests in Lands, payable by Public Companies' (new edit. 1869). In 1866 he obtained the post of professor of jurisprudence in Hindu and Mohammedan law in Presidency College, Calcutta, and filled the chair till 1877. At the same time he practised in the high court of judicature. In 1871 he published 'Two Letters on some Recent Proceedings of the Indian Government.'
Leaving India in 1877, he settled in Dublin and devoted himself to historical research, chiefly on Irish themes, which he treated from a pronouncedly unionist point of view. The fruits of his Irish studies appeared in the volumes: 'A Critical Examination of Irish History' (2 vols. 1904); 'A History of the Legislative Union of Great Britain and Ireland' (1887) and 'Two Chapters of Irish History' (1888). There followed 'England and Rome, a History of the Relations between the Papacy and the English State Church from the Norman Conquest to the Revolution of 1688' (1892). Ingram's works on Irish history contain valuable material and are written with great earnestness and sincerity, but they fail in their purpose of controverting Lecky's conclusions respecting the corrupt means whereby the union of 1800 was brought about.
He died unmarried in Dublin on 30 Dec. 1901, and was buried in Mount Jerome cemetery.
[Daily Express, Dublin, 31 Dec. 1901; Brit. Mus. Cat.; University Calendars; information from Mr. J. K. Ingram.]
INNES, JAMES JOHN McLEOD (1830–1907), lieutenant-general royal (Bengal) engineers, born at Bhagalpur, Bengal, India, on 6 Feb. 1830, was only son of surgeon James Innes of the Bengal army, of the family of Innes of Thrumster in Caithness, by his wife Jane Alicia McLeod, daughter of Lieut.-general Duncan McLeod (1780–1856) and sister of Sir Donald Friell McLeod (1810–1872) [q. v.].
Educated at a private school and at
