larities, correcting the misconduct of his own household, attacking non-residence, and visiting the monasteries. In 1311 he visited Durham, during the vacancy between the episcopates of Bek and Kellawe. He quarrelled with Archbishop Reynolds on the question of the southern primate bearing his cross erect within the northern province, and in 1314 he very unwillingly acquiesced in the Archbishop of Canterbury exercising this mark of power in York city itself (Trokelowe, p. 88, Rolls Ser.) In 1306 he promulgated at Ripon a series of constitutions, the same, with additions, as those issued in 1289 by his old friend Gilbert of St. Lifard [see Gilbert] bishop of Chichester (Wilkins, Concilia, ii. 169-72, 285, prints them in full). He also published in 1311 certain statutes reforming the procedure of his consistory courts and regulating the functions of the officials and proctors practising there (ib. ii. 409-15), He urged strongly the canonisation of Grosseteste.
Greenfield died at Cawood on 6 Dec. 1315, and was buried in the eastern side of the north transept of York minster, under a monument which, though much defaced and injured, is still of considerable grandeur. His nephew, William of Greenfield, became an adherent of Thomas of Lancaster.
[Raine's Fasti Eboracenses, pp. 361-97, collects practically all that is known about Greenfield, including a great deal from his manuscript Register, large extracts from which are given in Raine's Papers from the Northern Registers (Rolls Ser.); Thomas Stubbs's Life of Greenfield, in Twysden's Decem Scriptores c. 1729-30, and now republished in Raine's Historians of the Church of York, ii. 413-15 (Rolls Ser.); Stubbs's Chronicles of Edward I and Edward II (Rolls Ser.); Murimuth, Trivet, and Hemingburgh (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Parl. Writs; Wilkins's Concilia, vol. ii.; Rymer's Fœdera, vols. i. and ii. Record edit. Foss's Judges of England, iii. 96-7, is hardly so full as usual.]
GREENFIELD, WILLIAM (1799–1831), philologist, was born in London on 1 April 1799. His father, William Greenfield, a native of Haddington, attended Well Street Chapel, London, then under the ministry of Alexander Waugh. He joined a missionary voyage in the ship Duff, and was accidentally drowned when his son was two years old. In the spring of 1802 Greenfield was taken by his mother to Jedburgh. In the summer of 1810 they returned to London, and Greenfield resided for some time with his two maternal uncles, who gave him instruction. They were men of business who studied languages in order to understand learned quotations, and they taught him. In October 1812 Greenfield was apprenticed to a bookbinder named Rennie. A Jew employed in his master's house, and a reader of the law in the synagogue, taught him Hebrew gratuitously. At sixteen Greenfield began to teach in the Fitzroy Sabbath school, of which his master was a conductor. At seventeen he became a member of Well Street Chapel, and a close friend of the minister, Dr. Waugh. In 1824 he left business to devote himself to languages and biblical criticism. In 1827 he published 'The Comprehensive Bible … with … a general introduction … Notes,' &c. The book, though fiercely attacked as heterodox by the 'Record' and a Dr. Henderson, became very popular, especially among Unitarians. An abridgment was afterwards published as 'The Pillar of Divine Truth immoveably fixed on the foundation of the Apostles and Prophets. … The whole of the arguments and illustrations drawn from the pages of the Comprehensive Bible, by …'[W. Greenfield], 8vo,London, 1831. Greenfield's valuable 'Defence of the Serampore Mahratta Version of the New Testament' (in reply to the 'Asiatic Journal' for September, 1829), 8vo, London, 1830, commended him to the notice of the British and Foreign Bible Society, by whom he was engaged, about April of that year, as superintendent of the editorial department. He had no previous knowledge of the Mahratta and other languages referred to in the pamphlet, which, it is said, was written within five weeks of his taking up the subject. He followed it up by 'A Defence of the Surinam Negro-English Version of the New Testament …,' 1830 (in reply to the 'Edinburgh Christian Instructor').
While nineteen months in the society's service Greenfield wrote upon twelve European, five Asiatic, one African, and three American languages; and acquired considerable knowledge of Peruvian, Negro-English, Chippeway, and Berber. His last undertaking for the society was the revision of the 'Modern Greek Psalter' as it went through the press. He also projected a grammar in thirty languages, but in the midst of his labours he was struck down by brain fever, dying at Islington on 5 Nov. 1831 (Gent. Mag. 1831, pt. ii. p. 473). He left a widow and five children, on whose behalf a subscription was opened (ib. 1832, pt. i. pp. 89-90). His portrait by Hayter was engraved by Holl (Edward Evans, Cat. of Engraved Portraits, ii. 177).
Greenfield's other publications include: 1. 'The book of Genesis in English-Hebrew … with notes,' &c., by … [W. Greenfield], 8vo, London, 1828; another edition,
