Plato, 8vo, Oxford, 1784. 2. ‘Reliquiæ sacræ sive auctorum fere jam perditorum secundi tertiique seculi post Christum natum quæ supersunt,’ 4 vols. 8vo, Oxford, 1814–1818; the first two in 1814, the third in 1815, the fourth in 1818. Routh added a fifth volume in 1848, and brought out a second edition of the first four, the whole in 5 vols. 8vo, 1846–8. 3. An edition of Burnet's ‘History of his own Time,’ with notes by the Earls of Dartmouth and Hardwicke, and observations, 6 vols. 8vo, Oxford, 1823; a second edition, 1833. 4. ‘Scriptorum ecclesiasticorum opuscula præcipua quædam,’ 2 vols. 8vo, Oxford, 1832; a second edition, 1840, re-edited (anonymously) by Dr. William Jacobson [q. v.], bishop of Chester, 1858. 5. An edition of Burnet's ‘History of the Reign of James II,’ with additional notes, 8vo, Oxford, 1852. 6. ‘Tres breves Tractatus,’ containing ‘De primis episcopis,’ ‘S. Petri Alexandrini episcopi fragmenta quædam,’ and ‘S. Irenæi illustrata ῥήσις, in qua ecclesia Romana commemoratur,’ 8vo, Oxford, 1853. He wrote a large number of Latin inscriptions, four of which are given in the pages of Burgon's ‘Life’ and twenty-five in an appendix.
[Burgon's Lives of Twelve Good Men, founded on art. in Quarterly Review, No. 146, July 1878; Bloxam's Register of Presidents, &c., of Magd. Coll. vol. vii.; Mozley's Reminiscences; Times, 25 Dec. 1854, 1 Jan. 1855.]
ROUTH, Sir RANDOLPH ISHAM (1785?–1858), commissary-general in the army, son of Richard Routh, chief justice of Newfoundland, was born at Poole, Dorset, apparently in 1785, and educated at Eton. He had intended to go up to Cambridge, but on the sudden death of his father entered the commissariat department of the army in November 1805, being stationed first in Jamaica. He was engaged in the Walcheren expedition in 1809. He served afterwards through the Peninsular war; became deputy commissary-general on 9 March 1812, and was senior commissariat officer at Waterloo in 1815. After the peace he was on the Mediterranean station, and from 1822 in the West Indies, spending some time in Jamaica. On 15 Aug. 1826 he was made commissary-general, and was at once sent to Canada, where he did good service in the rising of 1837–8; he was a member of the executive council, and was knighted for his general services in March 1841. He returned to England on half-pay in February 1843. From November 1845 to October 1848 he was employed in Ireland in superintending the distribution of relief during the famine; for this service he was created K.C.B. on 29 April 1848. He died in London, at 19 Dorset Square, on 29 Nov. 1858.
Routh married, first, on 26 Dec. 1815, at Paris, Adèle Joséphine Laminière, daughter of one of Bonaparte's civil officers; secondly, in 1830, at Quebec, Marie Louise (1810–1891), daughter of Judge Taschereau and sister of Cardinal Taschereau (Times, 5 Jan. 1892).
He was the author of ‘Observations on the Commissariat Field Service and Home Defences’ (1845, and 2nd ed. London, 1852), which has been described as a vade mecum for the commissariat officer, and is quoted as an authority by Kinglake in his ‘Invasion of the Crimea.’
[Gent. Mag. 1859, i. 82; Ann. Register, 1858; Appleton's Cyclop. of American Biogr.; Allibone's Dictionary of Authors; Army Lists after 1819; official information.]
ROUTLEDGE, GEORGE (1812–1888), publisher, was born at Brampton in Cumberland on 23 Sept. 1812, and from June 1827 to 3 Sept. 1833 served his apprenticeship with Charles Thurnam, a well-known bookseller in Carlisle. In October 1833 he came to London and found employment with Baldwin & Cradock at Paternoster Row. On the failure of that firm in September 1836, he commenced business as a retail bookseller at 11 Ryder's Court, Leicester Square, having for his assistant William Henry Warne, then aged fifteen, whose sister he had married. His chief business was in remainders of modern books. For four years (1837–41) he supplemented his income by holding a small situation in the tithe office, Somerset House; and he made some money by supplying stationery to that establishment. In 1843 he started as a publisher at 36 Soho Square. His first publication, brought out in 1836, ‘The Beauties of Gilsland Spa,’ was a failure. He then began reprinting the ‘Biblical Commentaries’ of an American divine, the Rev. Albert Barnes, and had the sagacity to engage the Rev. John Cumming, D.D., who was rising into popularity, to edit them. The volumes had an enormous sale. In 1848 he took his brother-in-law, W. H. Warne, into partnership, and in 1851 a second brother-in-law, Frederick Warne. In 1852 the firm, then styled ‘Routledge & Co.,’ removed to 2 Farringdon Street.
Routledge's career as a publisher of cheap literature, on which his reputation mainly depends, opened in 1848. In that year he issued at a shilling, as the first volume of a series of volumes to be entitled ‘The Railway Library,’ Fenimore Cooper's ‘Pilot.’ The ‘Railway Library’ was rapidly extended, ultimately numbering 1,060 volumes, most
