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DISCIPLINE IN SCHOOL AND CLOISTER
Right up to the beginning of the present
century the birch rod was an ordinary part
of a school's equipment, and only a few
years have elapsed since it was looked on
by the schoolmaster as the ultima ratio.
Indeed, we would not swear that, in certain
out-of-the-way places where, in spite of the
railway, civilization has not yet penetrated,
the teacher is not still known by the insulting
but picturesque name of bum-brusher.
Today, at any rate in our French schools,
this method of correction has been abandoned;
and yet, is the time so far gone
when it would have been regarded as revolutionary
not to use the whip or rod?
But was corporal punishment really effi-
