LODGE, HENRY CABOT (1850– ), American political leader and author, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on the 12th of May 1850. He graduated at Harvard College in 1871 and at the Harvard Law School in 1875; was admitted to the Suffolk (Massachusetts) bar in 1876; and in 1876–1879 was instructor in American history at Harvard. He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1880–1881, and of the National House of Representatives in 1887–1893; succeeded Henry L. Dawes as United States Senator from Massachusetts in 1893; and in 1899 and in 1905 was re-elected to the Senate, where he became one of the most prominent of the Republican leaders, and an influential supporter of President Roosevelt. He was a member of the Alaskan Boundary Commission of 1903, and of the United States Immigration Commission of 1907. In the National Republican Convention of 1896 his influence did much to secure the adoption of the gold standard “plank” of the party’s platform. He was the permanent chairman of the National Republican Convention of 1900, and of that of 1908. In 1874–1876 he edited the North American Review with Henry Adams; and in 1879–1882, with John T. Morse, Jr., he edited the International Review. In 1884–1890 he was an overseer of Harvard College. His doctoral thesis at Harvard was published with essays by Henry Adams, J. L. Laughlin and Ernest Young, under the title Essays on Anglo-Saxon Land Law (1876). He wrote: Life and Letters of George Cabot (1877); Alexander Hamilton (1882), Daniel Webster (1883) and George Washington (2 vols., 1889), in the “American Statesmen” series; A Short History of the English Colonies in America (1881); Studies in History (1884); Boston (1891), in the “Historic Towns” series; Historical and Political Essays (1892); with Theodore Roosevelt, Hero Tales from American History (1895); Certain Accepted Heroes (1897); The Story of the American Revolution (2 vols., 1898); The War with Spain (1899); A Fighting Frigate (1902); A Frontier Town (1906); and, with J. W. Garner, A History of the United States (4 vols., 1906). He edited The Works of Alexander Hamilton (9 vols., 1885–1886) and The Federalist (1891).
His son, George Cabot Lodge (1873–1909), also became known as an author, with The Song of the Wave (1898), Poems, 1899–1902 (1902), The Great Adventure (1905), Cain: a Drama (1904), Herakles (1908) and other verse.
LODGE, SIR OLIVER JOSEPH (1851– ), English physicist,
was born at Penkhull, Staffordshire, on the 12th of June 1851,
and was educated at Newport (Salop) grammar school. He was
intended for a business career, but being attracted to science he
entered University College, London, in 1872, graduating D.Sc. at
London University in 1877. In 1875 he was appointed reader in
natural philosophy at Bedford College for Women, and in 1879 he
became assistant professor of applied mathematics at University
College, London. Two years later he was called to the chair of
physics in University College, Liverpool, where he remained till
in 1900 he was chosen first principal of the new Birmingham
University. He was knighted in 1902. His original work includes
investigations on lightning, the seat of the electromotive
force in the voltaic cell, the phenomena of electrolysis and the
speed of the ion, electromagnetic waves and wireless telegraphy,
the motion of the aether near the earth, and the application of
electricity to the dispersal of fog and smoke. He presided over
the mathematical and physical section of the British Association
in 1891, and served as president of the Physical Society in 1899–1900
and of the Society for Psychical Research in 1901–1904.
In addition to numerous scientific memoirs he wrote, among other
works, Lightning Conductors and Lightning Guards, Signalling
without Wires, Modern Views of Electricity, Electrons and The
Ether of Space, together with various books and papers of a metaphysical
and theological character.
LODGE, THOMAS (c. 1558–1625), English dramatist and
miscellaneous writer, was born about 1558 at West Ham. He
was the second son of Sir Thomas Lodge, who was lord mayor of
London in 1562–1563. He was educated at Merchant Taylors’
School and Trinity College, Oxford; taking his B.A. degree in
1577 and that of M.A. in 1581. In 1578 he entered Lincoln’s
Inn, where, as in the other Inns of Court, a love of letters and a
crop of debts and difficulties were alike wont to spring up in a
kindly soil. Lodge, apparently in disregard of the wishes of his
family, speedily showed his inclination towards the looser ways
of life and the lighter aspects of literature. When the penitent
Stephen Gosson had (in 1579) published his Schoole of Abuse,
Lodge took up the glove in his Defence of Poetry, Music and
Stage Plays (1579 or 1580; reprinted for the Shakespeare
Society, 1853), which shows a certain restraint, though neither
deficient in force of invective nor backward in display of erudition.
The pamphlet was prohibited, but appears to have been
circulated privately. It was answered by Gosson in his Playes
Confuted in Five Actions; and Lodge retorted with his Alarum
Against Usurers (1584, reprinted ib.)—a “tract for the times”
which no doubt was in some measure indebted to the author’s
personal experience. In the same year he produced the first
tale written by him on his own account in prose and verse, The
Delectable History of Forbonius and Prisceria, both published and
reprinted with the Alarum. From 1587 onwards he seems to
have made a series of attempts as a playwright, though most of
those attributed to him are mainly conjectural. That he ever
became an actor is improbable in itself, and Collier’s conclusion
to that effect rested on the two assumptions that the “Lodge”
of Henslowe’s M.S. was a player and that his name was Thomas,
neither of which is supported by the text (see C. M. Ingleby,
Was Thomas Lodge an Actor? 1868). Having, in the spirit of his
age, “tried the waves” with Captain Clarke in his expedition
to Terceira and the Canaries, Lodge in 1591 made a voyage with
Thomas Cavendish to Brazil and the Straits of Magellan, returning
home by 1593. During the Canaries expedition, to beguile
the tedium of his voyage, he composed his prose tale of Rosalynde,
Euphues’ Golden Legacie, which, printed in 1590, afterwards
furnished the story of Shakespeare’s As You Like It. The novel,
which in its turn owes some, though no very considerable, debt
to the medieval Tale of Gamelyn (unwarrantably appended to the
fragmentary Cookes Tale in certain MSS. of Chaucer’s works),
is written in the euphuistic manner, but decidedly attractive
both by its plot and by the situations arising from it. It has
been frequently reprinted. Before starting on his second
expedition he had published an historical romance, The History
of Robert, Second Duke of Normandy, surnamed Robert the Divell;
and he left behind him for publication Catharos, Diogenes in his
Singularity, a discourse on the immorality of Athens (London).
Both appeared in 1591. Another romance in the manner of
Lyly, Euphues Shadow, the Battaile of the Sences (1592), appeared
while Lodge was still on his travels. His second historical
romance, the Life and Death of William Longbeard (1593), was
more successful than the first. Lodge also brought back with
him from the new world A Margarite of America (published 1596),
a romance of the same description interspersed with many lyrics.
Already in 1589 Lodge had given to the world a volume of poems
bearing the title of the chief among them, Scillaes Metamorphosis,
Enterlaced with the Unfortunate Love of Glaucus, more briefly
known as Glaucus and Scilla (reprinted with preface by S. W.
Singer in 1819). To this tale Shakespeare was possibly indebted
for the idea of Venus and Adonis. Some readers would perhaps
be prepared to give up this and much else of Lodge’s sugared
verse, fine though much of it is in quality, largely borrowed from
other writers, French and Italian in particular, in exchange for
the lost Sailor’s Kalendar, in which he must in one way or another
have recounted his sea adventures. If Lodge, as has been
supposed, was the Alcon in Colin Clout’s come Home Again, it
may have been the influence of Spenser which led to the composition
of Phillis, a volume of sonnets, in which the voice of
nature seems only now and then to become audible, published
with the narrative poem, The Complaynte of Elstred, in 1593.
A Fig for Momus, on the strength of which he has been called
the earliest English satirist, and which contains eclogues addressed
to Daniel and others, an epistle addressed to Drayton, and other
pieces, appeared in 1595. Lodge’s ascertained dramatic work
is small in quantity. In conjunction with Greene he, probably
in 1590, produced in a popular vein the odd but far from feeble
