Waters,” Videnskabs. Selskabets Shrifter No. 2 (Kristiania 1915), contains oceanographical investigations in the Barents and Greenland seas.
(R.N.R.B.)
ARDILAUN, ARTHUR EDWARD GUINNESS, 1st Baron (1840–1915), Irish philanthropist and politician, was born at St. Anne's, Clontarf, Nov. 1 1840, the eldest son of Sir Benjamin Lee Guinness, 1st bart., head of the famous brewing firm of Guinness. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Dublin, and in 1868 succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father. He then became head of the firm of Guinness, but shortly afterwards retired. He entered Parliament in 1874 as Conservative member for the city of Dublin, holding the seat till 1880, when he was raised to the peerage. In 1891 he bought St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, and converted it into a charming park, which he presented to the city. He also bought up various blocks of slum dwellings and converted them into model tenements, with the object of improving the conditions of the poorer classes of Dublin. Lord Ardilaun, who married in 1871 Lady Olivia White, daughter of the 3rd Earl of Bantry, died at Clontarf Jan. 20 1915.
ARENSKY, ANTON STEPHANOVITCH (1861–1906), Russian musical composer, was born at Novgorod July 31 1861, and after studying with various teachers finally became a pupil of Rimsky-Korsakov at the conservatoire of St. Petersburg. In 1882 he became a professor at the Moscow conservatoire, and from 1894 to 1901 was director of music in the imperial chapel at St. Petersburg. His works consist largely of chamber music, including the well-known trio, besides several operas, the chief of which are Ttie Dream on the Volga (1890); Raphael (1894); and Nal and Damayanti (1899). He died at Terioki, Finland, Feb. 25 1906.
ARGENTINA (see 2.460). The pop. of the republic in 1920, according to the calculation made by the Census Bureau, was 8,533,431. The latest census which had then been taken, that of 1914, gave the pop. at that time as 7,885,237, indicating an increase during 1914-9 of 648,194, or 8-2 %. The pop. of the political divisions was as follows:
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Parana Corrientes Salta
36,089 28,681 28,436
The nationalities most largely represented in the pop., according to the census of 1914, were:
Argentines " 5,527,285
Italians . 929,863
Spaniards .
Russians
Uruguayans
French
Turks (mostly Syrians)
British
Germans
Swiss .
Portuguese .
829,701 93,634 86,428
79,491 64,639 27,692 26,995 14,345 H-I43
Lucerne (alfalfa)
Maize (Indian corn)
Oats .
Linseed
Barley .
Vines .
Peanuts
Cotton
Tobacco
Sugar-cane
Potatoes
1920 Calculation by
IQI4
Census Bureau
( National
Dec. 31 1920
Census
Federal Capital 1,676,041
1,575,814 783
Isla Martin Garcia
Provinces :
Buenos Aires 2,336,507
2,066,165
Santa Fe . . 1,007,512
899,640
Entre Rios
475,236
425,373
Corrientes
371,815
347,055
Cordoba .
805,940
735,472
San Luis .
I2 9,655
116,266
Santiago del Estero
298,110
261,678
Tucuman .
350,681
332,933
Mendoza .
3",740
277,535
San Juan .
131,179
119,252
La Rioja .
b
84,643
79.754
Catamarca
108,544
. Salta ....
146,903
140,927
Jujuy
76,506
76,631
Territories :
Chaco
.
52,258
46,274
Chubut 28,813
23,065
Formosa .
21,880
19,281
La Pampa
124,294
101,338
Los Andes
2,671
2,487
Misiones .
62,159
53,563
Nuequen . ' .
33,574
28,866
Rio Negro
.
47,693
42,242
Santa Cruz
1 1 ,603
9,948
Tferra del Fuego
2,559
2,54
Total
8,698,516
The pop. of the chief cities, according to the latest statistics
available, was as follows:
Buenos Aires I
,668,072
Rosario
222,592
Cordoba
156,000
La Plata
105,000
Tucuman
91,216
Santa Fe
59,574
Mendoza
58,790
Bahia Blanca
44. 1 41
There were also about 15,000 Indians and 500 negroes then in Argentina.
Agricultural and Mineral Production. The total area under cultivation in Argentina was 20,367,082 hectares (50,330,096 ac.) in the season 1910-11 and 24,784,892 hectares (61,218,683 ac.) in the season 1917-8, an increase of 10,889,587 ac., or 21-6 %. The area under the principal crops for the season 1917-8 was:
Hectares.
Wheat . . . 7,234,000
8,052,805 3,527,000 1,295,000 1,308,600
244,355 116,145 26,725 H.775 10,725 93,3io 134-645
The development of cotton-growing in Argentina is especially noticeable, the area under cultivation having increased from 879 hectares in 1895 to 3,300 in 1914 and 11,775 f r the 1917-8 crop. The Government has devoted much time and money to its development and has sent young men to the United States to study cotton-growing. Exports of wheat totalled 2,996,408 tons in 1918, maize 664,683 tons, oats 542,097 tons and linseed 391, 382 tons, lack of shipping preventing greater exports. These figures may be compared with those for 1908 when 3,636,294 tons of wheat (more than ever before), 1,055,650 tons of linseed (also more than ever before), 1,711,804 tons of maize and 440,041 tons of oats were exported.
Argentina was in 1920 the world's largest exporter of linseed and maize (Indian corn), and third in exports of wheat, being only exceeded in the latter commodity by the United States and Canada. Her crop nearly equalled Canada's for several years preceding 1921. It has been estimated that approximately 80% of the soil of the republic is capable of yielding some form of economic return, but that only about a quarter of such land was in 1920 under any form of cultivation, while practically no part of Argentina is under intensive husbandry. Agricultural educa- tion in its various phases greatly progressed in Argentina during the 10 years 1910-20 under the guidance of Dr. Jose Leon Suarez in respect of national education and under such local leaders as Dr. Juan B. Teran at Tucuman in the provinces. The inaugura- tion of the university of Tucuman in May 1914 and the develop- ment of its instruction in the production of sugar, cotton and other products suited to northern Argentina has been of great benefit to a large section of the country.
In 1917 there were 860 creameries, 470 cheese factories, 27 butter factories and 689 " mixed " establishments, the export of cheese having increased greatly during the World War. There were 408 flour mills, capitalized at $36,933,659. Most of these were in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe and Cordoba. Exports of wheat flour increased from 118,486 tons in 1911 to 176,445 tons in 1918. Argentina produces approximately 350,000 bales annually of wool and there are 14 wool-washing establishments in the country. There were 29 breweries in 1914, and 4,663 establishments for the production of wine in 1917. The wine industry centres in the provinces of Mendoza and San Juan.
