to the Bergman pistol gun and the Mondragon semi-automatic rifle. It destroys the balance of an arm and is of doubtful value.
The Bayard automatic pistol 9-mm. calibre is used in the Danish army. The commercial pistols of this make in -32 and -380 calibres
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LUGER
W/TH J/M/L M/1S/IZ/HE'.
F/G 6
are the smallest automatics of these calibres on the market. The Victoria is the smallest -25 calibre. The Mannlicher is used by the Austrian army.
The Campo-Giro automatic pistol g-mm. calibre was adopted by Spain in 1914. The principal merit claimed for it is that a special recoil check lessens the shock and permits more accurate firing.
the entire city. The mayor continued to appoint the heads of departments (safety, works, health, charities, supplies, prop- erty, water, treasury). The comptroller also was elected as formerly by popular vote. The expanding of public business in the city and county, exceeding the capacity of the city hall and the court-house, led to the erection by joint action of a new City- County Building, a fine structure of nine stories. The county in 1920 was completing a twin tunnel under Mount Washington to connect the southern hill district with the city by a high level bridge over the Monongahela river, which will bring that dis- trict within 15 minutes' transit of the centre of the city. In 1919 the taxable valuation of Pittsburgh was $1,113,667,425, and the tax rate in 1921 was, for the city, 20 mills on land, 14 mills on buildings and 8-50 mills for school purposes. In 1919 a bond issue of $22,500,000 was voted by the people for subway, boulevards, playgrounds, bridges, parks, etc.
The value of Pittsburgh's products in 1919 was $602,582,300, compared to $246,694,000 in 1914. In 1920 it held sixth place in bank clearings ($8,982,887,309) and first place in per capita deposits (total $817,013,249) and in the manufactured products iron, steel, glass, electrical machinery, steel cars, tin-plate, air brakes, fire-brick, white lead, pickles and preserves, corks and aluminium. The pro- duction of pig iron in the city in 1919 was 31,015,364 tons and in the surrounding district 7,440,746 more, a total of 38,456,110 tons. Metal and metal products were valued at $324,261,900; chemical products $2,045,800; clay, glass and stone products $4,345,500; clothing manufacture $7,122,800; slaughtering and meat-packing $21,134,700; confectionery $6,490,500; leather and rubber products $5,589,700; cork-cutting $4,016,500; oil-well supplies $3,678,100. The production of radium in 1920 (18 gr.) probably exceeded that of the rest of the world. The sum of $970,072,700 was invested in 2,580 industrial plants, mills, foundries and furnaces, in which were employed 221,621 men, with a daily pay-roll (1920) exceeding $2,500,000. The annual tonnage of Pittsburgh is 2j times the com- bined tonnage of New York, London and Hamburg. As a port of
AUTOMATIC PISTOLS AND THEIR CARTRIDGES
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Cartridge
Barrel Length, Inches
Weight of Bullet, Grains
Muzzle Velocity, Ft.
Seconds
Energy of Bullet, Ft. Lb.
22 Long rifle rim fire ............
22 Colt Auto, target model ...........
6J .
4.O
76S
si-8
25 Auto. Colt, Webley & Scott, Harrington & Richardson (also inter- changeable with 6-35 mm. Browning [Fabrique Nationale], Mauser, Pieper,
\\
CO
7-1-3
M
86
I ^Q7
7*65 Luger . . ...
4-f
Q-l
I I7VS
284-'*
32 Auto. Colt, Webley & Scott, Savage, Harrington & Richardson (also interchangeable with 7-65 mm. Browning [Fabrique Nationale], Bayard,
4.
74.
Q64.
T Co* A
35 Smith and Wesson ............
I*
76
8oq
no- c.
9 mm. Luger .............
4.
12^
I O^Q-2
2QQ-8
38 Auto. Colt, Bayard
si
130
1,146-3
^70-4.
380 Colt Auto., Savage, Webley, Browning 9 mm. (Short), Remington,
3i
95
887
116
45 Colt Auto
5
200
9IO'2
-568
45 Colt Auto., U.S. Government 445 Webley Naval Automatic
5
230 220
809 7IO
335
455 Colt Automatic (H. O'L.)
PITTSBURGH (see 21.678) had, according to the U.S. census of 1920, a pop. of 588,193. The increase over 1910 was 54,288 or
10-2%. After the 1920 census was taken the township of Char-
tiers, with a pop. of 5,000, was annexed, petitions were filed for
the annexation of the borough of Homestead with a pop. of
20,452, and a movement was on foot for the merger of the bor-
oughs of Wilkensburg (24,403), Ingram (4,000), Grafton (5,934)
and others. Within the metropolitan district of a lo-m. radius,
but outside the city limits proper, there was a further population
equal in number to that within the municipality itself. In Alle-
gheny county, of which Pittsburgh is the county seat and busi-
ness centre, there were in 1920 1,184,832 persons, 13-6% of the
total pop. of Pennsylvania.
The sesqui-centennial of Pittsburgh, elaborately observed in 1908, marked the beginning of a new period of corporate, educa- tional, social and material development. By legislative enact- ment (1911) the former Common and Select Councils gave way to a small council of nine members, elected by general vote of entry the value of imports in 1918 was $6,391,960. The city's contribution to the Liberty and Victory loans was $625,429,600, to the Red Cross $10,194,765, and to the seven relief agencies $13,909,000, making a total of $649,533,365.
In 1911 the Legislature adopted a new school code for the entire commonwealth, coming into operation Nov. II 1911. Under this code a Board of Education, consisting of 15 members appointed by the Common Pleas judges, took control. Separate school districts were abolished; a new city superintendent, with associate superintendents, was appointed ; the scattered and unrelated school agencies were consolidated; new high schools and junior high schools established and buildings erected, such as the Schenley high school, built in 1916 at a cost of $1,500,000 and accommodating 2,000 students. New ward schools of modern construction were established. The teachers numbered in 1920 2,015 m r 33 grade schools and 494 in II high schools, and the enrolment of pupils in grades was 74,654 and in high schools 12,169. There were in evening grades 198 teachers and 6,245 pupils, and in evening high schools 148 teachers and 5,090 pupils. The public-school system was supplemented by parochial schools which had in 1920 650 teachers and 33,000 pupils. In addition to the high schools there were a number of academies and other schools, 77 in all, on private foundations. The development of higher education during the decade was notable. The Holy Ghost College
