Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/127

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241.	除	隋	亂	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	He put an end to the disorder of the House of Sui,
	Ch'u²	sui²	luan⁴
	Remove	sui	confusion

Ch'u is composed of 余 yü I, myself, as phonetic, with 阜 (line 228) as radical. It originally meant the steps to a hall, and then to take away, to subtract, as in modern Chinese.

Sui see line 235.

Luan is composed of 乙 i a cyclical character, said to have once meant to govern, as radical, with a phonetic which also meant to govern. It seems to have originally signified to put confusion in order, but now means sedition, rebellion, etc.

242.	創	國	基	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	and established the foundations of his line.
	Ch'uang⁴	kuo²	chi¹
	Establish	nation	foundations

Ch'uang is now composed of 刀 tao knife as radical, with 倉 ts'ang a granary as phonetic. It appears to have been a form of 刅 (line 228) and meant to wound, to cut into, in which sense it is read ch'uang³. The later reading ch'uang⁴ to begin, to lay the foundations of, etc., has probably been developed from the idea of cutting into.

Kuo see line 155. [Eitel deals with this line in evident ignorance of the fact that kuo is often used in the sense of family, line; e.g. 無子國除 wu tzŭ kuo ch'u having no son his house came to an end. He translates by "And created the modern Chinese empire's foundation." Père Zottoli too errs, but not so glaringly, with "jecit regni fundamenta."]

Chi is composed of 其 (line 169) as phonetic, with 土 t'u earth as radical, and means the beginning of a wall.