Shih see line 20.
Yu is composed of two 又 yu hands (line 18) entwined; hence its meaning. It is defined as "of the same class or kind." See also line 102.
| 32. | 習 | 禮 | 儀 | and practise ceremonial usages. | |
| Hsi2 | li3 | i4 | |||
| Practise | ceremonies | usages |
Hsi see line 4.
Li is composed of 示 shih divine manifestation, to proclaim, etc., as radical, with a phonetic (line 150) which meant a sacrificial vessel. It is defined as worship of the gods which brings happiness; hence, ritual. It bears also the varying meanings of etiquette, politeness, and propriety. It was coupled with music in the ancient educational system of China as an important factor in the art of government. Lao Tzŭ (line 7) explained ceremonies as "the outward expression of inward feelings," while admitting in another utterance that they are but "the veneer of loyalty and good faith." For the Book of Rites, see line 136.
I is simply i duty towards one's neighbour (line 28) as phonetic, with 人 jen man as radical. It originally meant a limit; then usages, observances, etc.
| 33. | 香 | 九 | 齡 | Hsiang, at nine years of age, | |
| Hsiang1 | chiu3 | ling2 | |||
| Hsiang | nine | year |
Hsiang is a corruption of 黍 shu millet (line 74) over 甘 kan sweet. It means scented, fragrant, as in Hongkong (Cantonese pronunciation), the second syllable being 港 chiang a lagoon. It is here the personal name of a man surnamed 黃 Huang (line 180), of the 2nd cent. A.D., famous as a model of filial piety
