Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/69

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110.	明	句	讀	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	due attention to paragraphs and sentences.
	Ming²	chü⁴	tou⁴
	Clear	paragraph	sentence

Ming is an ideogram formed by juxtaposition of 日 jih the sun, its modern radical, and 月 yüeh the moon (line 52), and means bright.

Chü was originally composed of 口 k'ou mouth and 丩 chiu to connect as phonetic, and meant crooked. It was pronounced chü and kou, for the latter sound 勾 being substituted later on, with diverging meanings. It is now classed under radical 勹 (line 85).

Tou is more commonly tu² to read, to study. See line 134. [To mark off the proper paragraphs and sentences is one of the functions of a teacher in China, all punctuation being usually omitted from classical works such as the Canon. Eitel has a strange rendering of the above four lines. "Now in all cases, when instruction is given to the ignorant, Although it is well to explain characters orally and exhaustively, Yet, detailed moral instruction in the sayings of the ancients is just as necessary as precision regarding syntactic punctuation."]

111.	為	學	者	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	Those who are learners
	Wei²	hsüeh²	chê³
	Be	learn	one

Wei see line 24.

Hsüeh see line 11.

Chê see line 49.

112.	必	有	初	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	must have a beginning.
	Pi⁴	yu³	ch'u¹
	Must	have	beginning

Pi is composed of 八 pa to divide (line 88), its old radical, and 弋 i a sharpened stake, to shoot with a bow, as phonetic. It