chemical equivalents rather as a specimen of a first attempt than as anything that can supply the want which must very quickly be felt, of a full and complete tabular account of this class of bodies. Looking forward to such a table as of extreme utility (if well constructed) in developing the intimate relation of ordinary chemical affinity to electrical actions, and identifying the two, not to the imagination merely, but to the conviction of the senses and a sound judgment, I may be allowed to express a hope that the endeavour will always be to make it a table of real, and not hypothetical, electro-chemical equivalents; for we shall else overrun the facts, and lose all sight and consciousness of the knowledge lying directly in our path.
581. The equivalent numbers do not profess to be exact, and are taken almost entirely from the chemical results of other philosophers in whom I could repose more confidence, as to these points, than in myself.
582 Table of Ions
Anions
| Oxygen | 8 |
| Chlorine | 35.5 |
| Iodine | 126 |
| Bromine | 78.3 |
| Fluorine | 18.7 |
| Cyanogen | 26 |
| Sulphuric acid | 40 |
| Selenic acid | 64 |
| Nitric acid | 54 |
| Chloric acid | 75.5 |
| Phosphoric acid | 35.7 |
| Carbonic acid | 22 |
| Boracic acid | 24 |
| Acetic acid | 51 |
| Tartaric acid | 66 |
| Citric acid | 58 |
| Oxalic acid | 36 |
| Sulphur (?) | 16 |
| Selenium (?) | |
| Sulpho-cyanogen |
Cations.
| Hydrogen | 1 |
| Potassium | 39.2 |
| Sodium | 23.3 |
| Lithium | 10 |
| Barium | 68.7 |
| Strontium | 43.8 |
| Calcium | 20.5 |
| Magnesium | 12.7 |
| Manganese | 27.7 |
| Zinc | 32.5 |
| Tin | 57.9 |
| Lead | 103.5 |
| Iron | 28 |
| Copper | 31.6 |
| Cadmium | 55.8 |
| Cerium | 46 |
| Cobalt | 29.5 |
| Nickel | 29.5 |
| Antimony | 64.6? |
| Bismuth | 71 |
| Mercury | 200 |
| Silver | 108 |
| Platina | 98.6? |
| Gold | (?) |
| Ammonia | 17 |
| Potassa | 47.2 |
| Soda | 31.3 |
| Lithia | 18 |
| Baryta | 76.7 |
| Strontia | 51.8 |
| Lime | 28.5 |
| Magnesia | 20.7 |
| Alumina (?) | |
| Protoxides generally. | |
| Quinia | 171.6 |
| Cinchona | 160 |
| Morphia | 290 |
| Vegeto-alkalies generally. |
583. This table might be further arranged into groups of such substances as either act with, or replace, each other. Thus, for instance, acids and bases act in relation to each other; but they do not act in association with oxygen, hydrogen,
