CONTENTS.
xv
| Observations and Explanations, | 325 | |
| 1. | A peculiarity in the counter-proposition, | 325 |
| 2. | Fifteenth Counter -proposition, | 326 |
| 3. | The counter-proposition involves a contradiction, | 326 |
| PROPOSITION XVI. | ||
| The Substantial in Cognition, | 328 | |
| Demonstration, | 328 | |
| Observations and Explanations, | 329 | |
| 1. | This proposition proves nothing as to existing substance, | 329 |
| 2. | Neither does it declare the nature of known substance, | 329 |
| 3. | Reasons for introducing this proposition, | 330 |
| 4. | The position of natural thinking in regard to this proposition, | 331 |
| 5. | Sixteenth Counter-proposition, | 332 |
| 6. | Its downfall, | 333 |
| 7. | Defence of definition of known substance, | 333 |
| 8. | This definition is due to Spinoza, | 334 |
| PROPOSITION XVII. | ||
| What the Substantial in Cognition is, | 335 | |
| Demonstration, | 335 | |
| Observations and Explanations, | 336 | |
| 1. | Seventeenth Counter-proposition, | 336 |
| 2. | Conglomerate character of the counter-proposition, | 337 |
| 3. | Elimination of its ontological surplusage, | 337 |
| 4. | Its contradictory character exposed in so far as it is psychological, | 339 |
| 5. | The counter-proposition considered in so far as it is the product of natural thinking, | 340 |
| 6. | The exact point in the counter-proposition which natural thinking opposes to the proposition, | 341 |
| 7. | Contradiction in the counter-proposition, in so far as it is the product of natural thinking, | 341 |
| 8. | Psychological opinion as to existing substance, | 342 |
| 9. | First, It does not answer its purpose, | 342 |
| 10. | Secondly, It places before us the mere phenomenal, | 343 |
| 11. | The institutional conception of known substance, | 344 |
| 12. | History of distinction between substance and phenomenon—its terms have been reversed, | 345 |
| 13. | Errors caused by this reversal, | 346 |
| 14. | Substance and phenomenon originally bore the signification assigned to them here, | 347 |
| 15. | The known phenomenal according to the older systems, | 348 |
| 16. | The known substantial according to the older systems, | 348 |
| 17. | A word upon existing substance and phenomenon, | 349 |
| 18. | Two main ambiguities in the old systems, | 350 |
| 19. | These ambiguities accounted for, | 351 |
| 20. | And cleared up by a reference to the Institutional doctrine, | 352 |
| 21. | Coincidence of the old speculations with the Institutes, | 353 |
| 22. | An objection obviated, | 354
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