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BAH
136
CHAPTER
III.
GENERAL, MATERIAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS.
—Trade
centres formerly limited to seats of
Situation of the district unfavourable to trade Government, &o. Risk in transit in the
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Nawabi Signs of security in present times The Naipal trade— Timber Bahramghat timber market Timber from Government forests The Niinpara cattle a myth The railway to Lucknovir Main lines of traffic Manufactures Schools Four classes of schools The zila school English town schools Vernacular town schools Village schools— List of village schools in the district— Indigenous schools The difficulties met by the Education Department ^A weak point in our village schools Density of population per square mile of cultivation Hindus and Musalmans Agriculturists and non-cultivators Oaate Distribution of population — Size of villages — Detail of castes Distribution of certain castes Infanticide The land-owning castes The condition of the cultivator Signs of improved condition The peasant and the money-lender The rate of interest^Grain loans— Several social and economical agencies Emigration Immigration Rise of prices Droughts Moods— Agriculture — Wages The Smoak system Their bad effects of servitude— Contract labour Rents Their increase Grain rents Causes of rise of rents— Indebtedness of the peasantry Agricultural operations and instruments — Irrigation Droughts of 1868 and 1873 Grain rents an obstacle to irrigation Produce — Crop area Main staples Mixed crops— Outturn Rice- Size of farms Extension of cultivation Prices Famines— Value of landed property Municipalities Character of the Committees Improvements Revenue of ditto Dispensaries Number of cases treated, cures, failures and death— Cost Diseases Goitre The main use of dispensaries Opium, only a small area under poppy— Outturn and value Amonni; consumed in district Distilleries Outturn Duty— Three kinds of liquor— Nawabi prices compared with present prices Administration of the forests The drawbacks to their conservancy The excellent roads Frontier roads Revenue Contract system-rPost Office Imperial lines Rural post offices Mr. Currie's scheme List of trees, &c. Weights and measures Table of weights in the Nawabi The "ratti" and "ghunghchi," difference in weight Difference between the English Government tola and the Bahraich tola The new Government ser— Liquid measures and measures of capacity Local weights still in use, the paseri— Liquid measures and measures of capacity-— Long measure Yard measure Coinage The Gorakhpuri paisa Other copper coins The exchange effected by Sayyad Salar's fair The Government S-pie piece The value of Re 1 in the various copper coins The rupee pieces current in the Nawabi— The Company's rupee less valuable than the native coins General administration Revenue Expenditure Courts : Criminal, Civil, Police Crime Accidental deaths.
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trade except the export of grain, ghi, timber, down This produce is all credited to Fyzabad in t»res. the official returns, because it is not estimated till in its down-river journey it reaches a statistical office, which happens to be in that district. The trade is not what might be expected from the fertility of the soil and thinness of the population. That with Naipal alone is recorded officially: for 1873 the exports thither were valued at Rs. 1,53,166, of which Rs. 1,06,000 consisted of cloths, English and Indian the only other matters of any importance were
Bahraich has
little
its rivers.
Trade and Manufac-
Cotton
Es.
Salt
Hardware
Bahraich,
„
„.
if
«.
„ „
7,164 11,403 7,063
properly cultivated, ought to send great quantities of sugar as it is, it has a mere transport trade.
and tobacco into Naipal
The imports amounted to Rs. 26,800, grain, ghi, and spices being the main items. The trade across the boat-bridge at Bahramghat is not recorded either it consists mainly of rice, ghi, hides, lac, and kutch.
