FYZ
412
I presume the
pdlo or palai, outlying branches.
The word
" goind,"
which near and round the
fields
is
common
also in
use,
hamlet
is
the foot. or the
means a suburb,
village.
to the jamai comes the second circle, known as majh^r or middle sometimes also called midna and lastly, the palo or outlying fields. The "goind" lands are considered self-manuring, i. e., they are provided for by the well-known habits of the inhabitants. The majhar lands require manure to be conveyed to them, or flocks of sheep are folded on them, for which the shepherds are paid in grain, so many sers a night, according to the number of sheep. The palo lands usually go without manure. In
Next
fields,
Unao and Rae
Bareli there are, I believe, only two conventional sub-divigoind and har. In Jaunpur and Azamgarh the names are the same as here, while in Gorakhpur majhar is called miana." {Fyzahad Settletnent Report, pages 1-3.)
sions, viz.,
The irrigation is mainly from jhils. Of 458,000 acres, 260,154 are watered from jhils and tanks, 11,172 from rivers, 187,000 from wells 352,000 are not irrigated. But this refers to the old district; no trustworthy returns are available for the new. The proportions above represented will, however, be fairly preserved in it also. The last annual return contains the information that 35 1,41 5' acres of the new district are irrigated, and 2-5.5,451 unirrigated. Table No. IV. of 1872 quotes these areas as 307,581 and 315,470 acres, respectively. Fyzabad presents some
from those deBahraich and Irrigation. ^^^^ Banki. In Fyzabad the system of utilising masonry wells for this object has been carried further than in any other part of Qudh. In Sitapur and Kheri, for instance, as the settlement officers report, not one masonry well in a hundred which actually exist is used for irrigation ; in Fyzabad it happens that ten out of a dozen masonry wells in a village will be applied to this purpose. Irrigation in .
.
featjires differing
scribed in the adjoining
districts of
Water is met with at very different depths, as is related in the accounts In Mangalsi, along the of the different parganas in the Tarai districts. banks of the Gogra, a good supply can be obtained at a depth of 12 feet or 8 haths, while beyond the ridge which marks the ancient bank of the river the peasant has to dig 25 baths, or 37 feet. The subsoil is very friable, and it is doubtless difficult to keep the saij^dy sides of the well from falling in, but the same amount of effort is not made in this direction as in other villages, to line the shaft with jhau or other brushwood. Probably the tenantry have discovered that a masonry lining the long run.
A
is
cheaper in
masonry well
so broad that two pulleys can be employed at once, pair of earthen pots, can be made where the water is at 25 feet from the surface for about Rs. 250, and if no mortar is employed, for about Es. 175 ; but this latter wiU not last more than thirty years, while the former, if moderately used, may be worked for eighty.
each with
its
In such a weU, with water at that distance, four men will work the two puUeys in alternate gangs of two a water-clock at the well-head determines, when the hour expires, and the fiaui men, with one in the field to
