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TIMOTHEUS AND IPHIKRATES. 299 phipolis ; but he had neither taken the latter place, i ior obtained (so far as we know) any other success ; though he had incurred the expense for three years of a mercenary general named Chari- demus with a body of troops. How so unprofitable a result, on the part of an energetic man like Iphikrates, is to be explained, we cannot tell. But it naturally placed him before the eyes of his countrymen, in disadvantageous contrast with Timotheus, who had just acquired Samos and the Chersonese. An additional rea- son for mistrusting Iphikrates, too, was presented by the fact, that Athens was now at war with his father-in-law Kotys. -Hence it was now resolved by the Athenians to recall him, and appoint Timotheus 1 to an extensive command, including Thrace and Macedonia as well as the Chersonese. Perhaps party enmities between the two Athenian chiefs, with their respective friends, may have contributed to the change. As Iphikrates had been the accuser of Timotheus a few years before, so the latter may have seized this opportunity of retaliating* 2 At all events the dismissed general conducted himself in such a manner as to justify the mistrust of his countrymen ; taking part with his father-in-law Kotys in the war, and actually fighting against Athens. 3 He had got into his possession some hostages of Amphipolis, surrendered to him by Harpalus ; which gave great hopes of extorting the 1 Demosthen. cont. Aristokrat. p. 669, s. 174. 'ETtei6?j TOV (j.ev 'I uKOGTpaTjjyov Lnoirjaare, Tipofteov 6' ETT' 'A/u^tTro/liv nal Xeppovqaov E^ene/x- i}ta.Te ffTparrjybv, etc. 2 See Demosthen. cont. Timoth. p. 1187, 1188, s. 10-15. Timotheus swore and pledged himself publicly in the Athenian assembly, on one occasion, to prefer against Iphikrates a ypaQyv geviaf ; but he never realized this engagement, and he even afterwards became so far reconciled with Iphikrates, as to give his daughter in marriage to the son of the latter (ibid. p. 1204, s. 78). To what precise date, or circumstance, this sworn engagement is to be referred, we cannot determine. Possibly the ypa^r) gev'cae may refer to the connection of Iphikrates with Kotys, which might entail in some manner the forfeiture of his right of citizenship ; for it is difficult to understand how ypa<t>ri fcvt'af, in its usual sense (implying the negation of any original right of citizenship), could ever be preferred as a charge against Iphikrates ; who not only performed all the active duties of a citizen, but served in the Highest post, and received from the people distinguished honors. 3 Demosthen. cont. Aristokrat. p. 664, s. 153. Mfyaieev vtrep TUV Knmei v SVUVTIO. rolf v/j.sTepfi^ oTparijyolf v