Page:History of Greece Vol X.djvu/37

PTATE OF CYPKUb. 15 or other of them, seven pass for Hellenic, the two most consid- erable being Salamis and Soli ; three for Phoenician, Paphos, Ainathus, and Kitium. Probably, however, there was in each a mixture of Greek and Phoenician population, in different pro- portions. 1 Each was ruled by its own separate prince or despot, Greek or Phoenician. The Greek immigrations (though their exact date cannot be assigned) appear to have been later in date than the Phoenician. At the time of the Ionic revolt (B. c. 496), the preponderance was on the side of Hellenism ; yet with consid- erable intermixture of Oriental custom. Hellenism was, however, greatly crushed by the Persian reconquest of the revolters, ac- complished through the aid of the Phoenicians 2 on the opposite continent. And though doubtless the victories of Kimon and the Athenians (470-450 B. c.) partially revived it, yet Perikles, in his pacification with the Persians, had prudently relinquished Cyprus as well as Egypt ; 3 so that the Grecian element in the former, 1 Movers, in his very learned investigations respecting the Phoenicians (volfiii, ch. 5, p. 203-221 seq.), attempts to establish the existence of an ancient population in Cyprus, called Kitians ; once extended over the island, and of which the town called Kitium was the remnant. He supposes them to have heen a portion of the Canaanitish population, anterior to the Jewish occupation of Palestine. The Phoenician colonies in Cyprus he reckons as of later date, superadded to, and depressing these natives. He supposes the Kilikian population to have been in early times Canaanitish also. Engel (Kypros, vol. i, p. 166) inclines to admit the same hypothesis as highly probable. The sixth century B. c. (from 600 downwards) appears to have been very unfavorable to the Phoenicians, bringing upon Tyre severe pressure from the Chaldeans, as it brought captivity upon the Jews. During the same period, the Grecian commerce with Egypt was greatly extended, especially by the reign of the Phil-hellenic Amasis, who acquired possession of Cy- prus. Much of the Grecian immigration into Cyprus probably took place at this time ; we know of one body of settlers invited by Philokyprus to Soli, under the assistance of the Athenian Solon (Movers, p. 244 seq.). 2 Herodot. v, 109. Compare the description given by Herodotus of the .costume and arms of the Cypriots in the armament of Xerxes, half Oriental (vii, 90). The Salaminians used chariots of war in battle (v, 113) ; as the Carthaginians did, before they learnt the art of training elephants (DioJor. xvi, 80; Phr larch, Timoleon, c. 27). - See Vol. V. of this History, Ch. xlv, p. 335.