Chap. Vlf. OF MAN C HESTER. 2*7 nefs. This was called the water-cake or the Parthian loaf, the former name being given it from its fimple compofition, ancl the latter from its original inventors. But even this was not comparable to the French or the Spanifli bread for lightnefs. The ufe of Curmi and the knowledge of brewing had acquainted the Celtes with an ingredient for the compofition of bread, which was much bettter calculated to render it light and pleafing than the leaven the eggs the milk or the wine -mixed honey of other
- nations. This was the fpume which concreted on the furface
of their fermenting liquor, which they denominated Burm, and which we denominate Burm Barm or Yeft. This the Celtes of Gaul, of Spain, and moft probably therefore of South-Britain, had long ufed ; and their bread was in confequence of it fuperior in lightnefs to that of any other nation ill the world. And the life of this ingredient muft have been now firft introduced among the citizens of Mancunium, as it has continued uninter- ruptedly among them to the prefent moment ". 1 B. I. c. ix. f. 2. — 2 Pliny lib. xvii. c. 15. and lib. xviii. c.30. "and Palladhis lib. vii. c. 2. — l Pliny lib. xvii. c. 6. But it is called 'Margil in Gallick (Baluzius torn. ii. C. 188.), Maria in Irifh, 'and Marie in Welch. — 4 Pliny c. 6. Gallia et Britannia invenere, and c. 7. — 5 Pliny c. 7. — 6 Pliny c. 7. andc. 8. — 7 C. 7. — 8 Ibid. l ' 9 Ibid. — 10 See fome of thefe quarries of the filvery marie in Cam- 'denp. 236 (Kent) and in p. 3i8(Effex).— "C. 8.^- xl Ibid. — I3 lbid. 14 Ibid. — X5 Ibid. Hac maxim£ Britannia utitur. — I6 C. 7. Duo genera fuerant, plura nuper exerceri coepta proficientibus inge- 'niis.— I7 c. 8.— fi Pliny lib. xviii. c. 28.— I9 Ibid— *° Virgil's Georg. lib. i. 164. and Varro de Re Ruftica lib. i. c. 52.— " Co- lumella lib. ii. c. 2i. Baculis excuti, and melius fuftibus tundun- tur, and Pliny lib. xviii. c. 30. Perticis flagellatur. This how- ever had been long ufed in the Eaft (Ifaiah xxviii. 27. &c) — " See Pliny llbl xvii. c. 15. lib. xviii. c. 30. &c. — *' -Pliny lib. xviii, c. 30, Palladius lib. vii. c. 2, and Columella lib. ii, c, 21, fyf<e autem Spiae melius fuftibus tundunttrr.— * 4 Columella lib. ii. F f c. 21.
