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SCHLEIERMACHER. 475 the Idea and is overcome by it, these three moments become actual persons. In the creation of the — at first imma- terial — world, in which God unites, not with his essence, but with his image only, the same two powers, desire and wisdom, operate as the principles of matter and form. The materialization of the world is a consequence of the fall. Evil consists in the elevation of selfhood, which springs from desire, into self-seeking. Lucifer fell because of pride, and man, yielding to Lucifer's temptation, from baseness, by falling in love with nature beneath him. By the creation of matter God has out of pity preserved the world, which was corrupted by the fall, from the descent into hell, and at the same time has given man occasion for moral endeavor. The appearance of Christ, the person- ification of the moral law, is the beginning of reconcilia- tion, which man appropriates through the sacrament. Nature participates in the redemption, as in the corruption. Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher was born in 1768 at Breslau, and died in 1834 in Berlin, where he had become preacher at Trinity church in 1809, professor of theology in 1810, member of the philosophical section of the Academy in 181 1, and its secretary in 1814. Reared in the Moravian schools at Niesky and Barby, he studied at Halle; and, between 1794 and 1804, was a preacher in Landsberg on the Warthe, in Berlin (at the Charity Hospi- tal), and in Stolpe, then professor in Halle. He first attracted attention by the often republished Discourses on Religion addressed to the Educated among those %vho despise it, 1 799 (critical edition by Piinjer, 1879), which was followed in the succeeding year by the Monologues, and the anony- mous Confidential Letters on Liicinde {Lucinde was the work of his friend Fr. Schlegel). Besides several collec- tions of sermons, mention must further be made of his Outlines of a Critique of Previous Ethics, 1803 ; The Celebra- tion of Christmas, 1806; and his chief theological work. The Christian Faith, 1822, new edition 1830. In the third (the philosophical) division of his Collected Works (1835- 64) the second and third volumes contain the essays on the history of philosophy, on ethical, and on academic sub- jects ; vols. vi. to ix., the Lectures on Psychology, ^Esthet-