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��HISTORY or RICHLAND COUNTY.
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��with various colors, derived from different col- ored minerals. These compounds were mixed in hollowed stones or diminutive mortars — " paint cups," — in which the mineral mass of colored clay was reduced to powder and pre- pared for application to the body. Such paint cups are not common in this county ; in fact, they are quite rare, but one being known to exist — that in the collection of Dr. Craig.
The comparative rarity of aboriginal smok- ing pipes is easily- explained by the fact that they were not discarded, as were weapons, when those by whom they were fashioned entered upon the iron age. The advances of the whites
��lost tribes of America. Arrow and spear heads and other similar pieces of flaked flints are the most abundant of any aboriginal relics in the Ignited States. They are chiefly made of hard and brittle siliceous materials; are easily dam- aged in hitting any object at which they are aimed, hence many of them bear marks of violent use. Perfect specimens are, however, liy no means rare. The art of arrow-making survives to the present day among certain Indian tribes, from whom is learned the art practiced that produces them.
A classification of arrow-heads is not within the scope of this work; indeed, it is rarely at-
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���in no way lessened the demand for pipes, nor did the whites substitute a better implement. The pipes were retained and used until worn out or broken, save the few that were l)uried with their dead owners. What was the ultimate fate of these can only be conjectured. In very few instances does an Indian grave contain a pipe. If the practice of burying the pipe with its owner was common, it is probable that the graves were opened and robbed of this coveted article by members of the same or some other tribes.
It only remains to notice the "flints," in ad- dition to which a few other archaeological relics of minor importance are found about the country, but none of suflficient import to merit mention, or to throw additional light on the
��tempted by archaeologists. The styles are almost as numerous as their makers. In gen- eral, they are all the same in outline, mostly leaf-shaped, varying according to the taste of their makers. The accompanying cut exhibits a few of the common forms, though the num- ber is infinite. They may have been chipped— pro])al:)ly most were— and some may have been ground. Spear-heads exhibit as large a variety as arrow-heads. Like arrow-heads, spear-heads were inserted in wooden handles of various lengths, though in many tribes they were fastened l\v thongs of untanned leather or sinews.
Their modes of manufacture were generally the same. Sometimes tribes contained '■ arrow- makers," whose business was to make these
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