NO. 2
��TYPES OF REDUPLICATION IN THE SALISH DIALECTS
��155
��formed by a reduplication of the stem-syllable including the consonant following the first vowel.
ecze'k, LOG; pi., Eczuksze'k H.T.
qa'moz, MAIDEN; pi., qumqa'moz H.T.
cya'kstca, WOMAN; pi., cyuksya'ktca H.T.
t'lu'qwon, TO SLAP; tlu'kwitlqwon, SLAPPING H.T.
Esqu'mox, ROUND; pi., ssqu' maqumox H.T.
naq", TO ROB; nufnafo'L, ROBBER H.T.
(-OL= suffix denoting the person who does something)
The following example consists in a redupli- cation of the stem-syllable and a reduction of the reduplicated syllable by a shift of the ac- cent on the reduplicating syllable:
��skau'yux, MAN; pi, skai'yukyux H.T. Compare Thom : sqai'yux, pi., sqai'keux
��B.
��In the following words only the first con- sonant and the first vowel are reduplicated :
tuil'wit, LITTLE BOY; pi., tutau'wit H.T. skdza'a, CHILD; pi., sku'kuzd B.
The diminutive is formed either by a re- duplication of the first consonant and the first vowel of the stem or by a phonetic change of the stem-vowel :
iqa'yux, MAN; sqE'qsyux, BOY B. kwatlt, DISH; kwd'kwEtlt, PLATE H.T.
tld'XUtc, LARGE PLATE; tli'tl'xutc, SMALL PLATE H.T.
cyd'kEtca, WOMAN; ci'yaktca, GIRL H.T. (c is a prefix)
The last two examples suggest the presence of an t'-type of reduplication, that is to say a change of the stem-vowel to * in the redupli- cating syllable. ck'uk'met, INFANT B. (kui= SMALL G.)
StCUd'WUX, LARGE CREEK; stcUO'WUX, SMALL CREEK H.T.
tco'kwaz, BIG FISH; ts'skwdz, SMALL FISH H.T.
The last two examples may prove to be aug- mentative forms rather than examples of di- minutives.
The plural of a diminutive may be formed by a double process of reduplication. It is important to notice that in the following cases the plural reduplication (i.e., that including the consonant after the first vowel) precedes the
��diminutive reduplication (i.e., that including only the first vowel).
skukumet, CHILD; pi., skwumkokome't H.T. ci'yaktca, GIRL; pi., cukye'yuktca H.T. (cya'kEtca= woman)
Obviously the formation of the plural-di- minutives in Lillooet is the same as in Thomp- son and Shuswap.
��THOMPSON
The plural or distributive is usually formed by a repetition of the stem-syllable including the consonant (or vowel) following the first vowel : The accent seems to remain invariably on the reduplicated syllable (see Boas : BAAS 1898, p. 28).
ca'Enx, STONE ; pi. cEnca'Enx B.
squm, MOUNTAIN; pi., squmqu'm B., Hbl.
tEmfl'x, GROUND; pi., tEmtEmd'x B.
spam, CAMP FIRE; pi., spEmpa'm B.
snikia'p, COYOTE; pi., sniknikia'p B.
spEzo', ANIMAL; pi., spEzpEzo' B.
snu'koa, FRIEND; pi., snuksnu'koa B.
tsqau'tl, CANOE; pi., tsqtsqau'tl H.T.
CEm'a'm, WIFE; pi., cEmE'mam H.T.
kEnu'x, SICK; pi., ksnkEnu'x B.
sko'um, CRUMPLED; pi., skoumko'um B.
sxuasi't, TO WALK; pi., sxusxuasi't B.
pa'zutqo, LAKE; pi., pEzpa'zulqo Hbl.
sqa'xa', DOG, HORSE; pi., sqaxqa'xa' Hbl.
smu'lats, WOMAN; pi., smlmu'iats Hbl.
tuwe"ut', YOUTH; pi., tu"tuwe"ut' Hbl.
tsi'a', BASKET; pi., tsi'Etsi'a' Hbl.
qlu'mqEn, HEAD; pi., qlEmqlu'mqEn Hbl.
splsa'qs, NOSE; pi., sp!Esp!sa'qs Hbl.
qoe'sp 1 , BUFFALO; pi., qosqoe'sp Hbl.
spla'nt, SKUNK; pi., splpla'nt Hbl.
klo'n'e', MOUSE; pi., k!otk!otne Hbl.
?6'pa', TAIL; pi., sopso'pa" Hbl.
si'tslum, BLANKET; pi., sltssl'tslum Hbl.
smanx, TOBACCO; pi., SmEnma'nx Hbl.
sa'Me'c, KNIFE; pi., sa'"lsa' a le'c Hbl.
q!ume"Ema', LITTLE; pi., q!umq!ume"Ema' Hbl.
ktest, BAD; pi., klEsklE'st Hbl.
nuLlo's'n', EYE; pi., nuLlnuLlo's'n' Hbl.
ia', GOOD; pi., I'T^a' Hbl.
1 ?= intermediate between s and c.
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