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��INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AMERICAN LINGUISTICS
��VOL. I
��anitsa'qu, RED; pi., anitsitsa'qu
dim., a'anitsa'qu} anELa}, BLUE; pi., aniLe'Lal dim., a'ani'.i.al
Diminutives which are not formed by re- duplication seem to be very unusual, see for instance :
sma'yits, ELK; dim., sme'Its klwa'yanisin, EAGLE; dim., Idwe'eyini'sin
The plural-diminutive is never derived from the plural, but always from the diminutive. It is not formed by an additional reduplica- tion, but by means of extending the vowel of the reduplicating syllable of the diminutive. This extension does not seem ever to be brought about by an introduction of an i- vowel as is the case in many plurals derived from the simplex.
siqle, HEAVY; pi. dim., sa'yase'qle
dim., sa'se'qle; pi., sa'yi'q.'e tcEla't, THICK; pi. dim., tca'ya'tce'tt
dim., tca'tce'It; pi., tcitca'ft plau'wi', FLOUNDER; pi. di*n., p!a'ya'p!a'uwi'
dim., p!a'p!a'uwi'; pi., pla'yau'wi' waxa'}, FROG; pi. dim., wa'yawaxa'l
dim., wa'waxa't; pi., wiya'xal sldwato', RAVEN; pi. dim., sk!wa'ya'k!ut6'
dim., sklwa'lduto'; pi., sklwa'yitS'
Lkungen has again the extension with / instead of y:
ska'kala, INFANT; pi., skala'kala H.T. sLCLuLkEL, CHILD; pi., sLaleLULkEL H.T.
��SQUAMISH
Our material on the reduplications of this dialect is very meager. This is especially re- grettable as Squamish is linguistically more or less independent from the other northern coast dialects.
Hill-Tout gives a list of plural reduplica- tions: BAAS 1900, p. 497. Furthermore, the following examples are found in his vocabulary (ibidem pp. 513 et seq.):
a'xuai, HOUSE-FLY; pi., oxa'xuai stao'tl, CHILD; pi., stutao'tl tcuwa'c, WIFE; pi., tcutcu'wac
��sue'ka, MAN; pi., siwe'Eka
tcima'c, BROTHER-IN-LAW; pi., tcimtcima'c
mEn, SON; pi., mEnmEn
SLa'nai, WOMAN; pi., sLinLa'nai
Compare: slgnio'L, YOUNG WOMAN (Boas) (-OL= diminutive suffix) pi., sLfinLfnio'L. sqa'qel, INFANT, is also a diminutive form.
From the examples cited above it is clear that as in other Salish dialects the plural is formed by repeating the stem either with or without the consonant following the vowel.
��NANAIMO AND LOWER FRASER
These are very closely related dialects. A list of Nanaimo reduplications is given by Dr. Boas: BAAS 1890, pp. 680-681. Hill- Tout gives a number from the Lower Fraser: BAAS 1902, p. 20.
There are two chief types of plural forma- tion represented in this material. The first type consists in reduplicating the stem-syl- lable either with or without the consonant following the vowel.
Nanaimo:
spal, RAVEN; pi., spElpa'l qEla'qa, CROW; pi., qElqEla'qa sta'lo, RIVER; pi., stElta'lo stia'aLtEm, SALMON; pi., stsEltsa'aLtEn la'lEm, HOUSE; pi., lala'lEm
Lower Fraser:
skwomai', DOG; pi., skwomkwomai' smalt, STONE; pi., smEma'lt kwEtla'i, LOG; pi., kwEtlkwEtli H.T. me'la, SON; pi., ma'mela
Compare: Squamish: mEn, pi., mEnmEn H.T. sElia'tl, LITTLE GIRL; pi., sisElia'tl H.T.
(-atl= diminutive suffix) lulcElu'kEm, DRIVER (lu'kEm=TO DRIVE) H.T.
The second type of plurals is formed by an extension of the stem-vowel by means of an 1-glide:
Nanaimo:
ha'pet, DEER; pi., hala'pet qa'qEn, POST; pi., qa'laqEn spa'qEm, FLOWER; pi., spa'laqEm
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