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44
JAPANESE LITERATURE

their happy thoughts than to fit links into a poetic chain. This may be illustrated by the beginning of another series:

tsutsumi kanete The wintry shower
tsuki toriotosu Unable to hide the moon
shigure ka na Lets it slip from its grasp.
Tokoku.
kōri fumiyuku As I step over the ice
mizu no inazuma Lightning flashes in the water.
Jūgo.
shida no ha wo The early huntsmen
hatsu karibito no Tie fronds of the white fern
ya ni oite To their arrows.
Yasui.
kita no mikado wo Pushing open the northern
oshiake no haru Palace gates—the spring!
Bashō.
bafun kaku Above the rakes
ōgi ni kaze no For sweeping horse-dung, the air
uchikasumu Appears hazy.
Kakei.

This is unhappily a more representative example of linked-verse making than any I have given thus far since, in the nature of things, it was almost impossible to produce a really successful series. Here, some of the links have great individual merit, but the connections between them are poor. Thus, the image of the lightning flashes, a characterization of the familiar jagged white patterns left around footprints in the ice, is made the more brilliant by the overtones of the sharp sound of the cracking ice, and the apprehension aroused in the walker, like that on hearing thunder. But the verse has unfortunately nothing to do with