THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDLV
185
ACAB, THE SEVENTH OF:
According to Dent. .wxiv. 8 and Josh. i. 11, iii. 2. iv. 19). the annivfrsjiryof tlif death of Moses (Megillat Taauit, last chapter). Josephiis ("Ant." iv. 8, §49) gives the liist day of Adar as the day of -Mo.ses' death. The day is mentioned with Ilic rest of the ancient fast-days "in "Tiir Oral.i HayInulitioii or ciikuUition (<(iniiiiirc
yim," § 580, and "Kol Ho," but Josejili Cam in liis commentary states tliat he lias no liiiowUdge of any of them being observed by the people. In the seveiitcentli century in Turkey and Italy, and later in nortlicrn Europe as well," it became" customary for pious Jews to observe the day as a fast-day and to read portions from the Midnish relating to the life and death of Mo.ses, arranged iu u special tikkun by Samuel Aboab. rabbi of Venice. K.
ADAR SHENI (WEADAR) intenuhirv.
Ad;ii-,
embolisiiiie year;
The Second, or month of a Jewish twenty nine days and the
the thiilcrnth it
lias
Adar has then
thirty. Piiriiii is cciebrated on the fouiteeiith of this later month of Adar in embolisniic years. An auuiversjiry of a death [Julirziit)
first
that has occurred in Adar Sheiii is observed in that month in an emliolismic year, but otherwise in the
Adar.
first
See
K.
C'.r.F.Nn.K.
casuist and prc.iclii-r of liie Sliahun (.'oiigirgation of Saloniea lived in the sixteenth century. He was the pupil of JosKi'ii T.MT.vz.vK and the schoolmate of Samuel di Medina (D'ncnno). A<larbi wrote: (1) " Dibre Hibot" (Polemics), consisting of four hundred and thirty respoiisa. which are interspersed with keen discussions on halakic iiroblems occurring in the Talmud and its coiiimeiilariis (.sSalouica, '-iX Venice. l.WT; Sudilkdv. l,s;!:iK (-.J) " Dlhre Shalom" (Wordsof Peaco.coiitainiiig thirty sermons jireached on various occasions, as well as homiletic commentaries on the weekly lessons of the Pentateuch (Salonica, 158.5). In these sermons he often reproduces observations made by his teacher Taitazak. A second edition was published by Klie/er ben Shabbethai, who added an index of the Biblical passages dealt with and some notes (Venice, l.")8(>; i/jid. l.JST),
Bnil.lo(iR.(riiv : CVinforte. A'lirc /i(i-Di.rt)(, ed.CasscI, p. 38 (see liidvxi; SlelnwliiiclUer, Cat. BikH. col. 1U»3; lieiilacob, Ozar p. IK).
M.
ADARSA
(called also
Adasa)
A
15.
village in
furlongs from Hktii-iiokox, and a march from Gazera. Kusebius ("Onomaslicon." «. c describes it as being near Ouplina. Vnder the name of Adasa it is meiilioiied in .Mace, vii. 40, itixl ill .losi |i|iiis, "Ant." xii. IK, ^ as the scene of the decisive baltlebetween Judas .Maccabeus and the Syrian genend Nicanor, which took place on Adar l:!, KiO n.c, an<l in which the latter was vamiuisiied. Although the former had only 3.(1110 men (I Mace), or according to Josi-phus (/.(•.) only 1.000. while his <'neniy conimandid 9.000. Nicanor. who fell in the battle, was vanc|uishid. Ills defeat occ'urred on the day before Mardocheus' (Moidecai's) Hay. that is. the Thirteenth of Adar. the day liefore I'liiiM. In commemoration an tuuiual festival calhd Nicanor's Dav was instituted (I Mace, Jiidia.
thirty
three days'
)
I
."i,
vii. 49: II Mace. xv. 3li). "AccordiMg t.i theTaliiiud (Ver. Meg. ii. (I(v( and Megillal Ta'anil, xii.) it was
u semi
festival.
K.
m.; S.
ADAVI, MOSES BEN SAMUEL: A
X.
Tal miidic seholnr und uiitlnii-. « ho iloiirished in Tunis the inidille of the eii;hleelllli century He WHsii pupil of Isiuic l.iimbroso and Abmhan/llayal. Adavi was the author of novellie and collcctaneii li>
ulMillt
sevend treatises of the Babylonian Talmud and to the " Vad ha-Hazakah " of Maimouides. which were published in book form at the expense of the sons of Samuel Xataf at Leghorn (17.59). and which for that reason bear the
title
Samuel). This was the Tunisian Jew. BiBLKKiRAPHV (azis, A(i(t»
"Bene Shemmd " (Sons of first work published by a
Zcdner, Cat. Hehr. Brnhn Brit.
mr
Mm.
p.
38;
(ts Israilitcs Tunisieiui, p. 152.
M. K.
ADBEEL
A name found in the genealogical sons of Ishmael, in Gen. xxv. 13, and in the corresponding list of I Chron. i. 29. G. B. L. list
of
till'
ADDA: whom The
The name of two amoraim, neither of had a distinguishing patronymic or cognomen.
was a Palestinian, and" lived in "the tirst generation (third century). He was a colleague of H. Joniilhaii (Ver. Ter. .. 47i). The younger was a disciple of Kaba, and a contemporary of R. Ashi elder
(Men. 4*^
ADDA
',%}.
B.
s.
ABIMI (BIMI)
M.
A
Palestinian amora (.1 ihe fouiih L'liierali. iii. disciple of K. Hanina li. Pap]ii.aiid coiueiupoiary of K. Ilezekiah. It is surmised that his iiatrouymic Aliimi was changed iiito I'kiiii or Ikkuma, that is, "the Dark," because his memory was not retentive enough to guard him against the misquoting of traditions (Ver. Ber. i.. l-hi; Yer. Ta'anit, iii. 64*; 'Er. 94, 12</; Bezah 20A)
'
ADARBI, ISAAC BEN SAMUEL A
ha-Se/arim,
Adam-Salomon Adda b. Ahaban
S.
ADDA B. AHABAH (AHWAH)
M.
A
1. BabyIonian aiuoia of the .sciniid geiiinilion (third arid fourth centuries). frei|ii(ntly iiuoted in both the Jeru:
and the Babylonian Talmud. He is siud to have been born on the day that IJabbi (Judah I.) died Siileiu
(KidT2(/, /i; Gen. B. Iviii"; sec Aiin. Hosii.vv.). lie was one of t he d isci pies of Abba Arika Hall), at whose funeral ho rent his garments twice in token of his mourning for the great scholar (Ver. B. K. ii. Ai; Ber. 42/< it Kcij.). In I'limbedita R. .dda gathered about him a great many pupils, whom he taui;ht sometimes in the public tlmroughfares (Veb. 1104). He lived to a very old age. and when interrogated on the merits that entitled him to be so favored of heaven, he gave the following sketch of his life and character: (
" No one has ever preceded me to the svnaffoptie. nor has any one ever remained In the synatrogiie after niv tle|>arlure. I never walked as iniiili iw foui- culilLs u'ltlii<nt nieditntlne on the Ijiw, and never thcuirlit uf Its eonlents at plaei's not scnipu(lean. .Nor did I invpare a IhhI for mvself to enjoy rvifunor dlil I iltsiiirli my colleaKiies hv walkiiiR to iliy seat college aiiioia; iliein. I never nliknamed my nelKhlKir nor rejoiced at his tall, .iicer ai.'aln.st my neli;hlH>r never went to Iciiisly
lar sleep,
III
bed with
my
iTie, and I never piLs^'d the stri'et near when'
and while at home I never l>elniveil impallenre, in iinler loDhserve what is said IPs. el. L'l, " I will walk wlihin my housi- with a i>erf«a heart ' " (Yer. Ta'anil, III. liTii : somewhat dllTen'nt In Habit, i/iiil. aVj).
ilelilur lived
Vet where sjinclity of life and the glory of heaven were concerned, he lost his patience and risked much. Thus, on one occasion, when he observed ou the .street a woman named Matun dressed in a nitmIKT unbecoming a miHlest .lewess, he violently rebuked her. Vnfortunately for him the woman was a Samaritan, anil for the attack on her he was condemned lo pay a tine of 4iK) /uz (about $<!0 actual value, or hiVi), and thereupon he repeated a l>opular saving, " .Mutiin, miilun |wailin!r. lialieiice] is worth
400 zuz!" (Ber.
20.().
Such a clmracter is generallv surrounded by a halo of legend, and later ages supplied this. It is .said that I{. .Vdda's piety was so higldy valued in the sight of heaven thai no fuvorasketl by him wasuver refused.
