Anjou
Anna Ivanovna
JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
Tin:
Natural Science published his work: "Kavkazskie Ycvrci," a study of tliu life, customs, and history of the Jews inlmhitiu.L; the regiou of the Caucasus. liiizKViiet. IHSl. Nos. IS, 34; khiiila. 1SV>. Ncs. -to. 47: Vogldiiiil. m). Ni«. St-pt., ISS'X
BlBI.iooRAPiiY:
Klirmtilsa 1, L':
1'iwi?i(wk<i)/<i
MlM.
Ancient province of France, bounded by It now inPoitou. Brittany, JIaine. and Touraine. cliules the whole of the depart inent Maine-et -Loire as well as parts of Mayenne, of Sarthe, and of Indn-clLciire. This province, at one time a dueliy like all the neiirhborinj; resrion seems to have been settleil by
ANJOIT:
608
quarter, and were subjected to vexatious regulations,
inducement beiiiir jriven them to renain. From Inmodern times this period all traceof themislost.
little
not a siniric Jewisliconununity lias been reestalilislied Some localities, sncli as Samnur, in the province. Segre. and Hauge one of wlio.se rabbis, MoVse. was acontemporaryof K.Tam have preserved the names of streets or quarters which attest the presi'uce of Jews in thesc places in the .Middle A.ires.
—
BiDLiocRAPiiv: vicif,
—
Griis.s, (l<illi<i Jiiiliiiiii, ])]iJH
J^xJnifs iVAxiicn
Jiiiris, .xlx. 229 i(
cl
(/i<
/'<>)/»
cigcq.; Brunscli-
Angevin,
lu
Bcv. it.
scii.
,
Jews at an early date. One of the earliest rabbis known, Joseph TobElem (about ltl.">0), bore the title of chief of the community of Linvousin and of Anjou. The rabbis of the province took part in the synods
L.
I.
ANKAVA KAI.M
lll.N
(ANKOA).
See ALNAqr.,
Epii-
IsKAl:!,.
ANKAVA, ABRAHAM BEN MORDECAI
North African Talmudi.sl. am lior. and
litiirfrical
poet;
AN'IM ZEMIROT Maestoso.
P
tzzC
3ts: -t-
by Ralibenu Tam previous to the year One Samuel of Anjou was a pupil of the celebrated Tosafist R. Isaac, abbreviated " RI " of Dampierre. But almost nothing is known of the history of the Jews of Anjou. The first circumstantial information furnished by contemporary documents is the mention of the massacres, of which the Jews were victims, in 1236; but it is not known whether presided over
117L
the murderers were inhabitants of the province. These massacres were, in fact, the work of the Crusaders, who began their exploits in Brittany and continued them in Poitou. Tlirce thousand Jews in
Anjou were
killed and five hundred submitted to baptism in the year in question. A rabbi, Solomon b. Joseph D'Avallon, composed an elegy on the
martyrs. Tliis catastrophe did not completely annihilate the Jews of the province. They are met with again in 1239 and in 1271, at which latter date they are found complaining that they are obliged to wear the " wheel," or Jewish badge, and that certain persons seized property that should pass to them as their rightful heritage. Charles I., duke of Anjou. protected them against the greed and arbitrariness of the bailitl's. But their term of respite seems to have been In December, 1288, the Jews were formall.v brief. expelled from Anjou by Charles II. on charges of religious propagandism, of usury, and of enga,ging in trade with Christians. These were the stereotyped accusations that almost invariably accompanied such measures; to what extent they were true in this case it is impossible to determine. A number of Jews returned to Angers in the fourteenth century, where they inhabited a particular
born at Fez, Morocco, about the beginning of the nineteenth century; a descendant of the ^ij.x.Mji A family; died after 18H(). His sjiecial department of study was the law of ritual slaughtering, in which subject he made extensive investi.sations. traveling in Xortli Africa and Italy, consulting living authoiities, and searching for manuscripts of Castilianand African writers. In the course of his travels he came to Tlemcen, Algeria, winch had once been a famous seat of learning, but had degenerated, owing to the persecutions to which the Jews there were subjected (see Alnaqua, Ei'IIHAIm). Ankava, in his desire to improve the state of education among the .lews of Tleni(;en, remained there three years, and founded a Talmiidie academy. His labors were highl.v appreciated in the nortliwestern parts of .Vfrica and the wraltliiermembers of the Jewish population supported him lilierally. He published (1) "Zekor leAbraham " (Rememlier unto Abraham), containing an exposition of the dietary laws, written in verse, and a commentary on them, compiled from various manuscripts (Leghorn, 1839); and (2)"Zebahim Shelamim" (Peace-Offerings), written especially for «//^>hetiin (slaughterers Leghorn, 1858). He also wrote an Arabic jiaraphrase of the Seder liturgj', and edited and revised a number of liturgies, into which he incorporated several elegies (kinot) of his own.
BIBLIOORAPHV
Zedner, In Stcinsclinei'lor's Hc'jr. BilA.
vol.
I.
S.
ANKAVA, JACOB BEN AMRAM He
Trans-
lived in Algeria in the nineteenth century. translated from Spanish into Arabic a treatise on
lator;
