174 THE GERUND AND GERUNDIVE
decline in Latin the verbal noun overcoming, we should use the infinitive for the nominative and the gerund for the other cases, as follows:
| Nom. | superāre | overcoming to overcome |
Infinitive |
Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. |
superandī, of overcoming superandō, for overcoming superandum, overcoming superandō, by overcoming |
Gerund | |
Like the infinitive, the gerund governs the same case as the verb from which it is derived. So the sentence given above becomes in Latin
Superandō Gallōs Caesar magnam glōriam reportāvit
403. The gerund[1] is formed by adding -ndī, -ndō, -ndum, -ndō, to the present stem, which is shortened or otherwise changed, as shown below:
|
Paradigm of the Gerund |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CONJ. I | CONJ. II | CONJ. III | CONJ. IV | ||
| Gen. | amandī | monendī | regendī | capiendī | audiendī |
| Dat. | amandō | monendō | regendō | capiendō | audiendō |
| Acc. | amandum | monendum | regendum | capiendum | audiendum |
| Abl. | amandō | monendō | regendō | capiendō | audiendō |
a. Give the gerund of cūrō, dēleō, sūmō, iaciō, veniō.
b. Deponent verbs have the gerund of the active voice (see § 493). Give the gerund of cōnor, vereor, sequor, patior, partior.
404. The Gerundive. The gerundive is the name given to the future passive participle (§ 374.d) when the participle approaches the meaning of a verbal noun and is translated like a gerund. It is the adjective corresponding to the gerund. For example, to translate the plan of waging war, we may use the gerund with its direct object and say cōnsilium gerendī bellum; or we may use the gerundive and say cōnsilium bellī gerendī, which means, literally, the plan of the war to be waged, but which came to have the same force as the gerund with its object, and was even preferred to it.
- ↑ The gerund is the neuter singular of the future passive participle used as a noun, and has the same formation. (Cf. § 374.d.)
