dicular, unless we first know that the Earth stands still? Therefore in your Syllogism the certainty of the middle term is assumed from the uncertainty of the conclusion. You may see then, what and how great the Paralogism is.
Sagr.I would, in favour of Simplicius, defend Aristotle if it were possible, or at least better satisfie my self concerning the strength of your illation. You say, that the seeing the stone rake along the Tower, is not sufficient to assure us, that its motion is perpendicular (which is the middle term of the Syllogism) unless it be presupposed, that the Earth standeth still, which is the conclusion to be proved: For that if the Tower did move together with the Earth, and the stone did slide along the same, the motion of the stone would be transverse, and not perpendicular. But I shall answer, that should the Tower move, it would be impossible that the stone should fail gliding along the side of it; and therefore from its falling in that manner the stability of the Earth is inferred.
Simpl.It is so; for if you would have the stone in descending to grate upon the Tower, though it were carried round by the Earth, you must allow the stone two natural motions, to wit, the straight motion towards the Centre, and the circular about the Centre, the which is impossible.
Salv.Aristotles defense then consisteth in the impossibilitie, or at least in his esteeming it an impossibility, that the stone should move with a motion mixt of right and circular: for if he did not hold it impossible that the stone could move to the Centre, and about the Centre at once, he must have understood, that it might come to pass that the cadent stone might in its descent, race the Tower as well when it moved as when it stood still; and consequently he must have perceived, that from this grating nothing could be inferred touching the mobility or immobility of the Earth. But this doth not any way excuse Aristotle; aswell because he ought to have exprest it, if he had had such a conceit, it being so material a part of his Argument; as also because it can neither be said that such an effect is impossible, nor that Aristotle did esteem it so. The first cannot be affirmed, for that by and by I shall shew that it is not onely possible, but necessary: nor much less can the second be averred,Aristotle admitteth that the Fire moveth directly upwards by nature, and round about by participation. for that Aristotle himself granteth fire to move naturally upwards in a right line, and to move about with the diurnal motion, imparted by Heaven to the whole Element of Fire, and the greater part of the Air: If therefore he held it not impossible to mix the right motion upwards, with the circular communicated to the Fire and Air from the concave of the Moon, much less ought he to account impossible the mixture of the right motion downwards of the stone, with thecircular
